“…Here the problem is understood to be a gap between an actual and desired result, where learners go through a constructive and iterative process of interaction and negotiation to reduce this gap (Alavi et al, 1995;Dillenbourg et al, 1996;Durán & Amandi, 2011;Finnegan & O'Mahony, 1996;Leidner & Jarvenpaa, 1995;Smith & MacGregor, 1992). Learning then occurs through this active participation of learners, rather than just passive acceptance from an expert (Kirschner, 2001;Leidner & Jarvenpaa, 1993;Matthews, Cooper, Davidson, & Hawkes, 1995;Panitz, 1999;Smith & MacGregor, 1992).…”