Personalidad, estrés y resiliencia

Abstract

Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress response, including negative emotions and performance impairment. However, resilience is a complex personal characteristic with multiple neural and psychological roots. This article advocates a multifactorial approach to understanding resilience that recognizes the complexity of the topic both empirically and theoretically. The Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for organizing empirical data recognizes the multiplicity of traits, stressors and outcome metrics that may moderate stress response. Research requires a fine-grained data collection approach that discriminates multiple stress factors. Also, multiple layers of theory are necessary to explain individual differences in stress response, including biases in neural functioning, attentional processing, as well as styles of coping and emotion-regulation. Cognitive science differentiates multiple levels of explanation and allows for the integration of mechanisms at multiple levels of abstraction from the neural substrate. We illustrate the application of the multifactorial approach to collecting interpreting data on operator stress resulting from interaction with technology.

Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study

“…High meta-worry may block adaptive compensatory effort otherwise associated with worry. Findings support both the metacognitive theory of anxiety and negative emotions (Wells and Matthews, 2015), and the Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO: Matthews et al, 2017a) framework for resilience.…”

“…Grit and hardiness scales were generally more predictive than the AnTI of distress, and of task engagement in control conditions. Consistent with the TSO framework (Matthews et al, 2017a), multiple trait measures are required to define the individual’s stress vulnerability.…”

“…Individual differences in resilience and stress vulnerability have profound personal consequences for life outcomes such as career success, personal relationship quality, and mental health. Recent work has demonstrated the complexity of resilience, which depends on multiple personality traits whose influence on stress outcomes varies across different demanding contexts (Matthews et al, 2017a). The present study explores the contribution to resilience and stress vulnerability of worry traits including meta-worry, i.e., metacognitive worry about worry itself (Wells, 1994, 2005).…”

“…A simulation of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) control provided a testbed for manipulating stress and assessing multiple components of stress response. The overall aim was to examine how worry and additional traits for resilience predicted stress response within the frameworks provided by the metacognitive theory of maladaptive emotions (Wells and Matthews, 1996, 2015) and multifactorial resilience theory (Matthews et al, 2017a).…”

“…For example, psychophysiological measures can pick up stress responses of which the person is not consciously aware (Verkuil et al, 2010). Matthews et al (2017a) proposed a Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for specifying dispositional individual differences in stress response across different contexts. It emphasizes that the traits that predict stress reactivity vary from stressor to stressor, and influence different stress outcomes.…”