“…Rather than studying secondary abstinence, much of the adolescent sexuality research focuses on antecedents of initiation of sexual intercourse (Kirby, 1997(Kirby, , 2002Zimmer-Gembeck, Siebenbruner, & Collins, 2004) and, in rare instances, individuals' reasons for primary abstinence (never having had intercourse) (Bassett et al, 2002;Dunsmore, 2005;Lammers, Ireland, Resnick, & Blum, 2000;Loewenson et al, 2004). Available evidence points to a variety of factors that correlate with primary abstinent behavior, including higher socioeconomic status (Lammers et al, 2000;Oman, Vesely, Kegler, McLeroy, & Aspy, 2003), having been raised in a dualparent household (Lammers et al, 2000;Oman et al, 2003) and having parents with higher education levels (Carvajal et al, 1999;Oman et al, 2003), fear of adverse consequences such as pregnancy or STIs (Blinn-Pike, 1999;Dunsmore, 2005;Loewenson et al, 2004), parental expectations and influences (Bassett et al, 2002;Lammers et al, 2000;Paradise, Cote, Minsky, Lourenco, & Howland, 2001), personal values (Blinn-Pike, Berger, Hewett, & Oleson, 2004;Paradise et al, 2001), and religious influences (Bassett et al, 2002;Dunsmore, 2005;Lammers et al, 2000;Oman et al, 2003). A recent qualitative study also found ''future orientation,'' beliefs about ''positive outcomes of abstinence,'' fear of a ''physical/sexual relationship,'' ''concerns related to social responsibility,'' ''fear of emotional/moral consequences,'' and the desire to gain control in, or manipulate aspects of, a relationship cited by a sample of college students as important motivations for primary abstinence (Dunsmore, 2005, pp.…”