Personal Value Systems of American Managers

England, George W.

doi:10.5465/255244

Cited by 219 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…They do so for organizational and personal reasons. They seek to achieve the organizational objective of efficient functioning by substituting capital for labor (England, 1967;Long, 1960;Mintzberg, 1983). 4 Hence executives will substitute IT for middle managers for those functions IT performs best (Buddle et al, 1982;Child, 1984a).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Information Technology on Middle Managers

Pinsonneault¹,

Kraemer²

1993

MIS Quarterly

106

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This article reviews studies that examine the impact of information technology (IT) on the number of middle managers in organizations. We find contradictory evidence suggesting, paradoxically, that IT both increases and decreases the number of the middle managers. We resolve this "empirical paradox", by looking at the effects of IT on middle managers as contingent upon the degree of centralization of computing decisions, and of organizational decisions more broadly. When both computing decisions and organizational decisions are centralized top managers tend to use IT to reduce the number of middle managers. When these decisions are decentralized, middle managers use IT to increase their numbers. A recent case study provides preliminary support for this perspective by showing an interesting case of reduction in middle managers.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Information Technology on Middle Managers

Pinsonneault¹,

Kraemer²

1993

MIS Quarterly

106

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“…Another important part of the restaurant entrepreneur's contextual characteristics lies in the values domain, which consists of personal and ethical values. England (1967) found that personal value systems influence the way a person deals with business while conversely the personal value system is influenced by organisational life. Rokeach (1973, 7) defined human values as 'a prescriptive or proscriptive belief, wherein some means or end of actions is judged to be disirable or undesirable', and this affects the preferences on which people act.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting entrepreneurship and education

Gehrels

2014

Research in Hospitality Management

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“…They can also be described as culturally shared conceptions of what is desirable, they play a central role in directing actions, and they are considered according to their relative importance (Schwartz & Bilsky, 1987). Although there is a lack of consensus about the constitution of values, most theorists agree that values are standards or criteria (Kluckhohn, 1951(Kluckhohn, /1954Rokeach, 1973;Kilmann, 1981;Schwartz & Bilsky, 1987) for choosing goals or actions and are relatively stable over time (Kluckhohn, 1951(Kluckhohn, /1954England, 1967;Rokeach, 1973). It is commonly proposed that values develop through the influences of culture, society, and personality.…”

Section: Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content-Based Approach in Exploring the Cognitive Structure of Values

Maksimainen¹

2012

ASS

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This article discusses the content-based approach in examination of values. In the content-based approach, human thinking in different contexts is set at the focal point, and attention is devoted to those cognitive processes through which mental representations are constructed. The information contents of mental representations play a decisive role in understanding human behavior. By applying content-based analysis to an examination of the conceptual contents of human values, it is possible to reach a deeper understanding of the cognitive structure which lies as the motivational foundation of actions. In this article, it is argued that different informational contents of values explain variance actualized in behaviors. A suggestion for a model of cognitive structure of values is presented. The model illustrates different information contents related to particular object.

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Personal Value Systems of American Managers

Cited by 219 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Information Technology on Middle Managers

The Impact of Information Technology on Middle Managers

Connecting entrepreneurship and education

Content-Based Approach in Exploring the Cognitive Structure of Values

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