“…First, some researchers have found that consumers' attitudes mediate their personal values and behavior (Homer & Kahle, 1988;Shim & Eastlick, 1998). Second, research has emphasized the direct linkage between a consumer's personal values and the importance he or she attaches to particular product attributes (e.g., Madrigal & Kahle, 1994;Muller, 1991;Pitts & Woodside, 1983, 1986. Similarly, research utilizing the means -end theory has been used to detect the relationship between personal values and product attributes by linking product attributes (means) to the consequences or benefits that product attributes imply and, ultimately to their personal values or motives (ends) (e.g., Gutman, 1982;Reynolds & Gutman, 1988).…”