Personal responsibility-for-consequences: An integration and extension of the “forced compliance” literature

Collins, Barry E.; Hoyt, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/0022-1031(72)90080-7

Cited by 167 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Collins & Hoyt, 1972). A moderator-interaction effect also would be said to occur if a relation is substantially reduced instead of being reversed, for example, if we find no difference under the private condition.…”

Section: The Nature O F Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

Baron¹,

Kenny²

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.The purpose of this analysis is to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables in such a way as to clarify the different ways in which conceptual variables may account for differences in peoples' behavior. Specifically, we differentiate between two often-confused functions of third variables: (a) the moderator function of third variables, which partitions a focal independent variable into subgroups that establish its domains of maximal effectiveness in regard to a given dependent variable, and (b) the mediator function of a third variable, which represents the generative mechanism through which the focal independent variable is able to influence the dependent variable of interest.Although these two functions of third variables have a relatively long tradition in the social sciences, it is not at all uncommon for social psychological researchers to u, the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably. For example, Harkins, Latan6, and Williams 0980) first summarized the impact of identifiability on social loafing by observing that it "moderates social loafing" (p. 303) and then within the same paragraph proposed "that identifiability is an important mediator of social loafing: ' Similarly, Findley and Cooper (1983), intending a moderator interpretation, labeled gender, age, race, and socioeconomic level as mediators of the relation between locus of control and academic achievement. Thus, one largely pedagogiThis research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant BNS-8210137 and National Institute of Mental Health Grant R01 MH-40295-01 to the second author. Support was also given to him during his sabbatical year by the MacArthur Foundation at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California.Thanks are due to Judith Harackiewicz, Charles Judd, Stephen West, and Harris Cooper, who provided comments on an earlier version of this article. Stephen P. Needel was instrumental in the beginning stages of this work.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Reuben M. Baron, Department of Psychology U-20, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268. cal functi...

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Section: The Nature O F Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

Baron¹,

Kenny²

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Moral standards may therefore influence whether an inconsistency is experienced as disturbing by the individual (Thøgersen, 2004). Other contingencies include specific constraints, either personal or contextual, on a specific behaviour (e.g., Guagnano, Stern, & Dietz, 1995;€ Olander & Thøgersen, 1995), partly because inconsistencies attributed to forces outside individual control do not lead to cognitive dissonance (Collins & Hoyt, 1972;Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959). If a change in behaviour requires a big effort, people are likely to choose instead other routes to decrease dissonance, or simply to live with their perceived behavioural inconsistencies (Abelson, 1968;Festinger, 1957).…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behavioural spillover in the environmental domain: An intervention study

Lanzini

Thøgersen

2014

Journal of Environmental Psychology

209

157

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“…1 The underlying assumption is that when women who subscribe to the 1 Forced compliance reduces the extent to which cognitive dissonance is experienced (Collins & Hoyt, 1972).…”

Section: Cognitive Dissonance Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissonance thin‐ideal and didactic healthy behavior eating disorder prevention programs: Results from a controlled trial

Matusek

Wendt

Wiseman

2004

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Personal responsibility-for-consequences: An integration and extension of the “forced compliance” literature

Cited by 167 publications

References 75 publications

The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

Behavioural spillover in the environmental domain: An intervention study

Dissonance thin‐ideal and didactic healthy behavior eating disorder prevention programs: Results from a controlled trial

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