Personal names do not always survive the attentional blink: Behavioral evidence for a flexible locus of selection

Giesbrecht, Barry; Sy, Jocelyn L.; Lewis, Megan K.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2008.02.013

Cited by 31 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Thus, audiovisually incongruent T1 pairs place greater processing demands at T1 and thereby reduce the attentional resources available for T2 processing resulting in decreased performance (Visser, 2007; Giesbrecht et al, 2009; Burt et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phonologically congruent sound boosts a visual target into perceptual awareness

Adam¹,

Noppeney²

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Capacity limitations of attentional resources allow only a fraction of sensory inputs to enter our awareness. Most prominently, in the attentional blink the observer often fails to detect the second of two rapidly successive targets that are presented in a sequence of distractor items. To investigate how auditory inputs enable a visual target to escape the attentional blink, this study presented the visual letter targets T1 and T2 together with phonologically congruent or incongruent spoken letter names. First, a congruent relative to an incongruent sound at T2 rendered visual T2 more visible. Second, this T2 congruency effect was amplified when the sound was congruent at T1 as indicated by a T1 congruency × T2 congruency interaction. Critically, these effects were observed both when the sounds were presented in synchrony with and prior to the visual target letters suggesting that the sounds may increase visual target identification via multiple mechanisms such as audiovisual priming or decisional interactions. Our results demonstrate that a sound around the time of T2 increases subjects' awareness of the visual target as a function of T1 and T2 congruency. Consistent with Bayesian causal inference, the brain may thus combine (1) prior congruency expectations based on T1 congruency and (2) phonological congruency cues provided by the audiovisual inputs at T2 to infer whether auditory and visual signals emanate from a common source and should hence be integrated for perceptual decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phonologically congruent sound boosts a visual target into perceptual awareness

Adam¹,

Noppeney²

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…Because of the significant three-way interaction, we conducted analyses of the magnitude of T2 deficit by subtracting T2 performance in the 300-msec T1-T2 SOA condition from the 800-msec condition (Giesbrecht, Sya, & Lewis, 2009;Jackson & Raymond, 2006). In the TMS after T1 onset condition, there was a significant effect of TMS site [F(3, 30) = 3.98, p < .02; Figure 2C].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Contributions of the Intraparietal Sulcus and the Inferior Parietal Lobe to Attentional Blink: Evidence from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Kihara

Ikeda

Matsuyoshi

et al. 2011

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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When two targets (T1 and T2) are to be identified in rapid serial visual presentation, the response to T1 induces impairment of T2 report if T2 appears within 500 msec after T1 (attentional blink: AB). AB is thought to reflect temporal limitations of attention which affect target perception. Recent research suggests that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) contributes to an attentional set associated with task goals, whereas the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is associated with the disengagement and reorienting of attention to a relevant stimulus presented outside the current focus of attention. We investigated respective involvement of the IPS and the IPL in AB using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The results of Experiment 1 showed that the magnitude of AB deficit decreased TMS disrupted activity of the IPS after T1 onset. In addition, an increased AB deficit occurred when TMS was delivered over the IPS or IPL after T2 onset. In Experiment 2, where participants were instructed to ignore T1, they showed an AB-like T2 deficit only when TMS was delivered to the IPS after a T2 onset. Findings are discussed in terms of hypotheses about the respective roles of the IPS, in realizing an attentional set, and the IPL, in contributing to a disengagement of attention (from T1 to T2) during an AB period.

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“…The reduction in semantic processing presumably occurs because the reconfiguration of the attentional-set from one task to the other is a resource-demanding process that interferes with the perceptual processing of T2 (Vachon et al, 2007; Vachon and Jolicoeur, 2011). Similarly, Giesbrecht et al (2007, 2009) have used both electrophysiological and behavioral approaches to demonstrate that increasing T1 task load can suppress the extent to which semantic and high priority information (e.g., personal names) can survive the AB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both experiments, the first target (T1) was a flanker-type stimulus consisting of a single arrow flanked by pairs of arrows pointing either in the same direction (congruent, e.g., >>>>>) or in different directions (incongruent, e.g., <<><<). We refer to the congruent and incongruent conditions as low and high T1 load, respectively (Giesbrecht et al, 2007, 2009). Unlike previous studies that have used blocked T1 load conditions to demonstrate the effects load on post-perceptual processing of information presented during the AB (i.e., Giesbrecht et al, 2007, 2009), in the present experiment the two types of T1 load trials were randomly intermixed within experimental blocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We refer to the congruent and incongruent conditions as low and high T1 load, respectively (Giesbrecht et al, 2007, 2009). Unlike previous studies that have used blocked T1 load conditions to demonstrate the effects load on post-perceptual processing of information presented during the AB (i.e., Giesbrecht et al, 2007, 2009), in the present experiment the two types of T1 load trials were randomly intermixed within experimental blocks. The random intermixing of trials allowed us to investigate the effects of inter-trial dependencies on post-perceptual processing during the AB by permitting the analysis of the data as a function of whether the T1-load on a given trial was the same as the previous trial (i.e., a T1-repeat trial) or was different than the previous trial (i.e., a T1-switch trial).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-perceptual processing during the attentional blink is modulated by inter-trial task expectancies

Elliott

Giesbrecht

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The selective processing of goal-relevant information depends on an attention system that can flexibly adapt to changing task demands and expectations. Evidence from visual search tasks indicates that the perceptual selectivity of attention increases when the bottom-up demands of the task increase and when the expectations about task demands engendered by trial history are violated. Evidence from studies of the attentional blink (AB), which measures the temporal dynamics of attention, also indicates that perceptual selectivity during the AB is increased if the bottom-up task demands are increased. The present work tested whether expectations about task demands engendered by trial history also modulate perceptual selectivity during the AB. Two experiments tested the extent to which inter-trial switches in task demands reduced post-perceptual processing of targets presented during the AB. Experiment 1 indexed post-perceptual processing using the event-related potential (ERP) technique to isolate the context sensitive N400 ERP component evoked by words presented during the AB. Experiment 2 indexed post-perceptual processing using behavioral performance to determine the extent to which personal names survive the AB. The results of both experiments revealed that both electrophysiological (Exp. 1) and behavioral (Exp. 2) indices of post-perceptual processing were attenuated when consecutive trials differed in terms of their perceptual demands. The results are consistent with the notion that the selectivity of attention during the AB is modulated not only by within-trial task demands, but also can be flexibly determined by trial-by-trial expectations.

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Personal names do not always survive the attentional blink: Behavioral evidence for a flexible locus of selection

Cited by 31 publications

References 65 publications

A phonologically congruent sound boosts a visual target into perceptual awareness

A phonologically congruent sound boosts a visual target into perceptual awareness

Differential Contributions of the Intraparietal Sulcus and the Inferior Parietal Lobe to Attentional Blink: Evidence from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Post-perceptual processing during the attentional blink is modulated by inter-trial task expectancies

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