Personal, interpersonal, and cultural predictors of stages of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Johannesburg, South Africa

Brook, Judith S.; Morojele, Neo K.; Brook, David W.; Zhang, Chenshu; Whiteman, Martin

doi:10.1136/tc.2005.014878

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Twelve studies report positive associations between perceived racism/ethnic discrimination and smoking, whereas only three studies found no relationship for some or all subgroups (Chae et al, 2008;Krieger et al, 2005;Landrine & Klonoff, 2000). The relationship between discrimination and smoking was found when investigators measured current smoking status (Bennett et al, 2005;Borrell et al, 2007Borrell et al, , 2010Brook et al, 2006;Chae et al, 2008;Harris et al, 2006;Landrine & Klonoff, 1996, 2000Landrine et al, 2006;Wiehe et al, 2010), and when they assessed history of smoking (i.e., asked ''ever smoked'') (Guthrie et al, 2002;Krieger et al, 2005;Kwate et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Specifically, the relationship of individual-level discrimination to smoking has been investigated in 15 studies (14 papers) (Bennett et al, 2005;Borrell et al, 2007Borrell et al, , 2010Brook et al, 2006;Chae et al, 2008;Guthrie et al, 2002;Harris et al, 2006;Krieger et al, 2005;Kwate et al, 2003;Landrine & Klonoff, 1996, 2000Landrine et al, 2006;Shariff-Marco et al, 2010;Wiehe et al, 2010). Twelve studies report positive associations between perceived racism/ethnic discrimination and smoking, whereas only three studies found no relationship for some or all subgroups (Chae et al, 2008;Krieger et al, 2005;Landrine & Klonoff, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults

et al. 2015

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Perceived ethnic discrimination has been associated with cigarette smoking in US adults in the majority of studies, but gaps in understanding remain. It is unclear if the association of discrimination to smoking is a function of lifetime or recent exposure to discrimination. Some sociodemographic and mood-related risk factors may confound the relationship of discrimination to smoking. Gender and race/ethnicity differences in this relationship have been understudied. This study examines the relationship of lifetime and recent discrimination to smoking status and frequency, controlling for sociodemographic and mood-related variables and investigating the moderating role of race/ethnicity and gender. Participants included 518 Black and Latino(a) adults from New York, US. Lifetime and past week discrimination were measured with the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version. Ecological momentary assessment methods were used to collect data on smoking and mood every 20 min throughout one testing day using an electronic diary. Controlling for sociodemographic and mood-related variables, there was a significant association of recent (past week) discrimination exposure to current smoking. Lifetime discrimination was associated with smoking frequency, but not current smoking status. The association of recent discrimination to smoking status was moderated by race/ethnicity and gender, with positive associations emerging for both Black adults and for men. The association of lifetime discrimination on smoking frequency was not moderated by gender or race/ethnicity. Acute race/ethnicity-related stressors may be associated with the decision to smoke at all on a given day; whereas chronic stigmatization may reduce the barriers to smoking more frequently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults

et al. 2015

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“…For example, South African females often access their cigarettes by getting someone else to buy them and by borrowing cigarettes from smoking friends or relatives versus purchasing their own cigarettes in a store. 35,36 Other research has demonstrated that adolescents who have a high proportion of smokers among their friends and have smokers within their family are more likely to smoke. 33,34 What is less well understood is: 1) how networks are associated with adult smoking, particularly for transitioning women in emerging economies, and 2) how urbanicity moderates the composition of smokers within one's network.…”

Section: Network Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Coming to Town”: The Impact of Urbanicity, Cigarette Advertising, and Network Norms on the Smoking Attitudes of Black Women in Cape Town, South Africa

2008

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This study was conducted to examine the effect of urban living on smoking attitudes among black African women in South Africa. We examine how urbanicity affects attitudes toward smoking and how it moderates the relationship between both advertising exposure and network norms on black women's smoking attitudes. Respondents were 975 black women currently living in Cape Town townships, some of which were raised in rural villages or small towns. Respondents completed a cross-sectional survey, which included data on smoking attitudes, norms, and exposure to cigarette advertising. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with smoking attitudes as the response variable, and urbanicity, cigarette advertising exposure, and network smoking norms as primary explanatory variables. Interactions were tested to determine whether urbanicity modified the effect of advertising exposure and network norms on smoking attitudes. Independent effects of urbanicity, exposure to cigarette advertising, and greater smoking prevalence within women's networks were associated with more favorable smoking attitudes. In addition, urbanicity moderated the relationship between network smoking norms and smoking attitudes, but not cigarette advertising exposure and smoking attitudes. Urbanicity, cigarette advertising, and networks play important roles in women's attitudes toward smoking, and potentially, smoking behavior. Overall, our results suggest that strong and creative anti-smoking efforts are needed to combat the potential for a smoking epidemic among an increasingly urbanized population of black women in South Africa and similar emerging markets. Additional research is warranted.

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“…In previous studies, those who reported smoking cigarettes in the past week were defined as regular users (Brook, Morojele, Brook, Zhang, & Whiteman, 2006;Flay, Hu, & Richardson, 1998;Sanderson Cox, Feng, Canar, McGlinchey Ford, & Tercyak, 2005). At this stage, adolescents have progressed beyond experimental (30-day) smoking to smoking on at least a fairly regular basis, but this falls well short of addictive smoking as indicated by multiple cigarettes smoked frequently at regular intervals throughout the day, beginning generally within 30 minutes after awakening in the morning (Fagerström & Schneider, 1989;Flay et al, 1998;Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerström, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in 10th-grade Chinese adolescent smokers

Lin

Bechara

Cen

et al. 2008

CNTR

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This study addressed the question of whether poor decision making would be associated with adolescent past 7-day smoking. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 208 10th-grade adolescents in Chengdu City, China. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess decision-making, and the Self-ordered Pointing Task (SOPT) to assess working memory capacity. Paper and pencil questionnaires assessed the school academic performance (SAP) and smoking variables. The results showed that a significantly higher proportion of past 7-day smokers (91.7%) were susceptible to future smoking and cigarette offers from best friends compared to other levels of smokers (never, ever and past 30-day smokers). Consistent with these behavioral data, the neuropsychological assessments revealed that relative to never smokers, past 7-day adolescent smokers (but not ever smokers or past 30-day smokers) demonstrated significantly lower scores on the IGT. Moreover, a higher proportion of past 7-day smokers (91.7%) performed poorly (no more than an overall net score of 10) on the IGT than nonsmokers and irregular (ever or past 30-day) smokers (about 65.3%). There were no differences on working memory performance for smokers (at any level) compared to never smokers after adjusting for school-type. In addition, logistic regression showed that the IGT significantly predicted past 7-day smoking after controlling for the working memory, school academic performance and demographic variables. These results suggest that poor affective decision making might predispose some adolescents to smoking in the future or in the social situations where their peers are smoking. Intervention targeting affective decision making might hold promise for reducing adolescents' risks for substance use.

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Personal, interpersonal, and cultural predictors of stages of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Johannesburg, South Africa

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults

Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults

“Coming to Town”: The Impact of Urbanicity, Cigarette Advertising, and Network Norms on the Smoking Attitudes of Black Women in Cape Town, South Africa

Affective decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in 10th-grade Chinese adolescent smokers

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