Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds

Wallace, Lance A.; Pellizzari, Edo D.; Hartwell, Ty; Rosenzweig, Martin; Erickson, Mitchell D.; Sparacino, Charles; Zelon, Harvey

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90137-3

Cited by 112 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The first TEAM studies represented a landmark in the assessment of environmental exposures to chemical substances (Wallace et al, 1988(Wallace et al, , 1991Wallace, 1987Wallace, , 2001). These investigations ushered in personal monitoring to quantify environmental exposures accurately (personal sampling had been used in occupational settings since the 1960s (Sherwood and Greenhalgh, 1960)), and they employed stratified random sampling to allow valid inferences to be drawn about the levels of exposure in the US population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, a typical environmental study would record exposure varying within subjects by about 100-fold from one survey to the next (day ¼ 136-fold, night ¼ 80-fold), while a typical occupational study would find only about 15-fold variation. One reason for the greater within-subject variation of TEAM subjects is probably the fact that some of these persons were exposed both in and out of the workplace (Wallace, 1991). However, occupational exposures would have occurred primarily during daytime; and since both day and night exposures reflected much greater within-person variation than occupational exposures, the contributions of workplace sources to our analyses were probably minor.…”

Section: Comparisons Between Environmental and Occupational Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subject-identification numbers were included along with dates and periods of collection (day and night). These data are described in detail by Wallace (1987) in a report and by Wallace et al in several published papers (Wallace, 1987(Wallace, , 2001Wallace et al, 1988Wallace et al, , 1991. For our analyses of TEAM data, we selected nine VOCs (see footnote 2) that were designated by Wallace as either ''ubiquitous chemicals'' or ''compounds very often but not always found'' (Wallace, 1987).…”

Section: Sources and Limitations Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Variability of environmental exposures to volatile organic compounds

Rappaport

Kupper

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparisons Between Environmental and Occupational Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources and Limitations Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variability of environmental exposures to volatile organic compounds

Rappaport

Kupper

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Exposure to several of these air toxics has been associated with neurological, teratological, carcinogenic, or cardiovascular effects (Kjaergaard et al, 1991;Dockery et al, 1993;Caldwell et al, 1998;Lovett et al, 1999;MorelloFrosch et al, 2000;Pope, 2000;Samet et al, 2000;Suh et al, 2000). A number of exposure studies have found that concentrations of personal exposures to VOCs and particulate matter (PM) are frequently higher than outdoor concentrations and, typically, are better correlated with indoor concentrations, suggesting that indoor sources and personal activities strongly influence human exposure to these constituents (Wallace et al, 1984(Wallace et al, , 1985(Wallace et al, , 1986Gordon et al, 1999;Pellizzari et al, 1999;Rojas-Bracho et al, 2000;Bonanno et al, 2001;Jurvelin et al, 2001a, b;Koistinen et al, 2001;Rodes et al, 2001). Results from the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) studies suggested that small sources of VOCs located close to the individual, usually inside the home, are major contributors to personal exposures (Wallace et al, 1985(Wallace et al, , 1986(Wallace et al, , 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study: study design, methods and quality assurance/control results

Weisel

Zhang

Turpin

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

145

122

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The Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) Study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of outdoor sources of air toxics, as defined in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, to indoor concentrations and personal exposures. The concentrations of 18 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 17 carbonyl compounds, and fine particulate matter mass (PM 2.5 ) were measured using 48-h outdoor, indoor and personal air samples collected simultaneously. PM 2.5 mass, as well as several component species (elemental carbon, organic carbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and elemental analysis) were also measured; only PM 2.5 mass is reported here. Questionnaires were administered to characterize homes, neighborhoods and personal activities that might affect exposures. The air exchange rate was also measured in each home. Homes in close proximity (o0.5 km) to sources of air toxics were preferentially (2:1) selected for sampling. Approximately 100 non-smoking households in each of Elizabeth, NJ, Houston, TX, and Los Angeles, CA were sampled (100, 105, and 105 respectively) with second visits performed at 84, 93, and 81 homes in each city, respectively. VOC samples were collected at all homes, carbonyls at 90% and PM 2.5 at 60% of the homes. Personal samples were collected from nonsmoking adults and a portion of children living in the target homes. This manuscript provides the RIOPA study design and quality control and assurance data. The results from the RIOPA study can potentially provide information on the influence of ambient sources on indoor air concentrations and exposure for many air toxics and will furnish an opportunity to evaluate exposure models for these compounds.

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“…A relationship between benzene exposure as measured by personal monitors and the breath concentration was identified during the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) study, indicating that breath concentration reflects inhalation exposure (3). Differences between the benzene breath concentrations of smokers (21 pg/m3) and nonsmokers (7.8 pg/m3) were observed in workers without occupational benzene exposure, confirming smoking as an exposure source of benzene and expired benzene as a biomarker of that exposure (4).…”

Section: Exhaled Breath Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Biomarkers of Environmental Benzene Exposure

Weisel¹,

Yu²,

Roy³

et al. 1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Environmental exposures to benzene result in increases in body burden that are reflected in various biomarkers of exposure, including benzene in exhaled breath, benzene in blood and urinary trans-trans-muconic acid and S-phenylmercapturic acid. A review of the literature indicates that these biomarkers can be used to distinguish populations with different levels of exposure (such as smokers from nonsmokers and occupationally exposed from environmentally exposed populations) and to determine differences in metabolism. Biomarkers in humans have shown that the percentage of benzene metabolized by the ring-opening pathway is greater at environmental exposures than that at higher occupational exposures, a trend similar to that found in animal studies. This suggests that the dose-response curve is nonlinear; that potential different metabolic mechanisms exist at high and low doses; and that the validity of a linear extrapolation of adverse effects measured at high doses to a population exposed to lower, environmental levels of benzene is uncertain. Time-series measurements of the biomarker, exhaled breath, were used to evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Biases were identified between the PBPK model predictions and experimental data that were adequately described using an empirical compartmental model. It is suggested that a mapping of the PBPK model to a compartmental model can be done to optimize the parameters in the PBPK model to provide a future framework for developing a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.

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Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds

Cited by 112 publications

References 5 publications

Variability of environmental exposures to volatile organic compounds

Variability of environmental exposures to volatile organic compounds

Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study: study design, methods and quality assurance/control results

Biomarkers of Environmental Benzene Exposure

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