Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children

Chauhan, AJ; Inskip, Hazel; Linaker, Cathy; Smith, Sandra H.; Schreiber, Jacqueline; Johnston, Sebastian L.; Holgate, Stephen T.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13582-9

Cited by 290 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We found no link between pollutant concentrations and changes in lung function, similar to results of previous studies showing no clear association between indoor PM and lung function in few patients with COPD (27,28). NO 2 , a by-product of combustion with indoor sources including gas-burning appliances, may lead to worse respiratory health through airway epithelial damage, or lowering the threshold for viral-induced exacerbations (33,34). A cross-sectional study by Osman and coworkers (26) found no association between indoor NO 2 concentrations and worse quality of life in subjects with COPD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

In-Home Air Pollution Is Linked to Respiratory Morbidity in Former Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hansel¹,

McCormack²,

Belli³

et al. 2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Rationale: The effect of indoor air pollutants on respiratory morbidity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in developed countries is uncertain. Objectives: The first longitudinal study to investigate the independent effects of indoor particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations on COPD morbidity in a periurban community. Methods: Former smokers with COPD were recruited and indoor air was monitored over a 1-week period in the participant's bedroom and main living area at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. At each visit, participants completed spirometry and questionnaires assessing respiratory symptoms. Exacerbations were assessed by questionnaires administered at clinic visits and monthly telephone calls. Measurements and Main Results: Participants (n ¼ 84) had moderate or severe COPD with a mean FEV 1 of 48.6% predicted. The mean (6 SD) indoor PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations were 11.4 6 13.3 µg/m 3 and 10.8 6 10.6 ppb in the bedroom, and 12.2 6 12.2 µg/m 3 and 12.2 6 11.8 ppb in the main living area. Increases in PM 2.5 concentrations in the main living area were associated with increases in respiratory symptoms, rescue medication use, and risk of severe COPD exacerbations. Increases in NO 2 concentrations in the main living area were independently associated with worse dyspnea. Increases in bedroom NO 2 concentrations were associated with increases in nocturnal symptoms and risk of severe COPD exacerbations. Conclusions: Indoor pollutant exposure, including PM 2.5 and NO 2 , was associated with increased respiratory symptoms and risk of COPD exacerbation. Future investigations should include intervention studies that optimize indoor air quality as a novel therapeutic approach to improving COPD health outcomes.Keywords: indoor air; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; particulate matter; nitrogen dioxide; exacerbations Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause worldwide, is expected to become increasingly prevalent in upcoming decades (1, 2). Most COPD is caused by environmental exposures; in developed countries, this exposure is primarily cigarette smoke. After COPD begins, evidence indicates that it can be worsened by other environmental exposures. For example, outdoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations have been associated with an increase in COPD hospitalizations and mortality (3, 4). Similarly, outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposure has been linked to worse COPD morbidity, including higher rates of exacerbations (4-6).Although substantial evidence shows that outdoor air pollutants impact COPD, there is much less evidence for the impact of indoor air on COPD, especially in developed countries. Although the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines identify indoor air pollution resulting from burning wood and other biomass fuels as a major risk factor for COPD (7), exposures under these conditions are two to three orders of magnitude higher ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

In-Home Air Pollution Is Linked to Respiratory Morbidity in Former Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hansel¹,

McCormack²,

Belli³

et al. 2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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“…Viral and bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract can cause wheezing and can also influence the onset and severity of asthma. Viral infections are detected in 80-85% of asthma exacerbations in children [42] and 75-80% in adults [43,44]. Rhinoviruses are responsible for approximately 60% of the respiratory viral infections, whilst influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus are responsible for the rest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Conditions, Eczema Symptoms and Rhinitis Symptoms: Relationship with Wheeze and Severe Wheeze in Children Living in the Polokwane Area, South Africa

Wichmann

Wolvaardt

Maritz

et al. 2008

Matern Child Health J

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Background This is the fifth study that applied the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology in the Southern African Development Community (SADC region). However, it is the first ISAAC study that focused on 6-to 7-year-old children living in South Africa and that also investigated the association between potential risk factors and asthma symptoms. Objective To assess the 12-month prevalence of wheeze and severe wheeze along with their potential risk factors. Setting Within a 60-km radius from the Polokwane city centre, Limpopo Province. Methods The survey was conducted during August 2004 and February 2005. Parents/guardians of 6-to 7-year-old children completed the questionnaires in English, Afrikaans or North-Sotho. However, the statistical analyses were restricted to the North-Sotho group (n = 2,437). Results The 12-month prevalence rates of wheeze and severe wheeze were 11.2% and 5.7%, respectively. The 12-month prevalence rates of eczema symptoms and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms were 8.0% and 7.3%, respectively. Living in a rural area significantly decreased the likelihood of wheeze by 31%. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and the presence of eczema symptoms and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms increased the likelihood of wheeze by 77%, 104% and 226%, respectively. Only the presence of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms increased the likelihood of severe wheeze by 107%. Conclusion Wheeze appears to be an emerging public health problem in the Polokwane area. Hopefully, detailed analytical intervention studies will further explicate these results in the near future.

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“…The continuous monitoring of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is of great importance because it is one of the major pollutants that affects both humans and the biosphere directly and indirectly [1,2], and it plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry. Tropospheric NO 2 is one of six pollutants regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards, with the criteria set at 100 ppb for 1 h and 53 ppb for the annual average, according to the Clean Air Act (https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conservative Downscaling of Satellite-Detected Chemical Compositions: NO2 Column Densities of OMI, GOME-2, and CMAQ

et al. 2018

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A conservative downscaling technique was applied when comparing nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) column densities from space-borne observations and a fine-scale regional model. The conservative downscaling was designed to enhance the spatial resolution of satellite measurements by applying the fine-scale spatial structure from the model, with strict mass conservation at each satellite footprint pixel level. With the downscaling approach, NO 2 column densities from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI; 13 × 24 km nadir footprint resolution) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2; 40 × 80 km) show excellent agreement with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ; 4 × 4 km) NO 2 column densities, with R = 0.96 for OMI and R = 0.97 for GOME-2. We further introduce an approach to reconstruct surface NO 2 concentrations by combining satellite column densities and simulated surface-to-column ratios from the model. Compared with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Quality System (AQS) surface observations, the reconstructed surface concentrations show a good agreement; R = 0.86 for both OMI and GOME-2. This study demonstrates that the conservative downscaling approach is a useful tool to compare coarse-scale satellites with fine-scale models or observations in urban areas for air quality and emissions studies. The reconstructed fine-scale surface concentration field could be used for future epidemiology and urbanization studies.

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Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children

Abstract: High exposure to NO2 in the week before the start of a respiratory viral infection, and at levels within current air quality standards, is associated with an increase in the severity of a resulting asthma exacerbation.

Cited by 290 publications

References 36 publications

In-Home Air Pollution Is Linked to Respiratory Morbidity in Former Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

In-Home Air Pollution Is Linked to Respiratory Morbidity in Former Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Household Conditions, Eczema Symptoms and Rhinitis Symptoms: Relationship with Wheeze and Severe Wheeze in Children Living in the Polokwane Area, South Africa

A Conservative Downscaling of Satellite-Detected Chemical Compositions: NO2 Column Densities of OMI, GOME-2, and CMAQ

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