Personal Exposure to Fine Particles and Benzo[A]pyrene. Relation with Indoor and Outdoor Concentrations of these Pollutants in Kraków

Jędrychowski, Wiesław; Pac, Agnieszka; Choi, Hye‐Seon; Jacek, Ryszard; Sochacka-Tatara, Elżbieta; Dumyahn, Thomas; Spengler, John D.; Camann, David; Perera, Frederica P.

doi:10.2478/v10001-007-0035-z

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…HDD refers to mean ambient temperature (18 °C) under which household heating is required for thermal comfort, and was calculated by subtracting averaged ambient temperature of given day from 18 °C (Silverberg et al, 2013). Regarding our second assumption of equal infiltration rate of the nine PAHs and PM 2.5 , our earlier analysis showed that PM 2.5 is likely to be a carrier for chrysene (Pearson’s rho correlation coefficient > 99%) (Jedrychowski et al, 2007). Furthermore, high mutual correlations of the eight c-PAHs (all Pearson’s rho correlation coefficient > 97%) suggest that the remaining eight particle-bound PAHs in this analysis are also carried by PM 2.5 (Choi et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source attribution of personal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture using concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor measurements

Choi

Spengler²

2014

Environment International

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Objectives Relative importance of multiple indoor and outdoor venues on personal exposure concentrations to pro-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) remains poorly understood. This is particularly challenging because many c-PAHs share sources and occur as a complex mixture. Accurate and precise apportionment of personal exposure according to exposure venues could aid in understanding of human health effects due to given source. Here, we partitioned indoor and personal exposure concentrations to seven c-PAHs and pyrene according to the indoor- and outdoor- origins. Methods A simultaneous, integrated monitoring of personal, indoor and outdoor concentrations of nine PAHs was conducted in 75 homes for a consecutive 48-hour period across a two-year period in Kraków, Poland. Due to few known indoor sources for chrysene, we used this PAH species as a tracer for infiltration of outdoor PAHs. Personal and indoor concentrations of seven c-PAHs and pyrene were apportioned to home indoor, non-home indoor and outdoor origin. Results Using Chrysenein / Chryseneout as proxy for an infiltration factor, Finf, infiltrated PAHs of outdoor origin are overall higher in concentration than those emitted from the indoor origin. Average contribution by the outdoor sources on B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were 92%, 79%, and 78% across all seasons. In contrast, in homes where a household members smoked, average contribution by the outdoor sources on B[ghi]P, B[a]P, D[ah]A, and IP were lower (i.e., 67%, 65%, 67%, and 66%, respectively). Season-averaged contribution by the outdoor sources on personal exposure to B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were 92%, 74%, and 77%, respectively. On the other hand, season-averaged home indoor source contribution on personal exposure to B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were estimated at 6%, 15%, and 19%, respectively. Similar contributions by season-averaged home indoor sources on personal exposure were estimated at 28% for B[ghi]P, 31% for B[a]P, 25% for D[ah]A, and 28% for IP. Conclusion Of the seven c-PAHs, B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F are enriched in indoor and personal exposure concentrations from the outdoor coal-combustion. B[ghi]P, B[a]P, D[a,h]A, and IP, PAHs with some of the highest carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies, are considerably enriched by cigarette smoke in addition to the outdoor sources.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source attribution of personal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture using concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor measurements

Choi

Spengler²

2014

Environment International

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“…In our study, the exposure assessment based on 1-HP level in urine enabled analysing of several exposure sources (i.e. air pollution, smoking and diet) [1][2][3][9][10][11]. The measurement of PAH-DNA seems to be reasonable when the airborne sources of PAH predominate, whereas measuring 1-HP in urine in case of low level of the exposure to airborne PAH is more appropriate for evaluation of other sources of PAH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have previously observed an association between PAH exposure and birth outcomes such as birth weight, child length, head and chest circumference and ratio of head circumference to birth weight [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Most nine [18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a continuous measure of exposure, a 10ng/m 3 increase in carcinogenic fraction of PAH in the first gestational month was associated with increased risk of IUGR (adjusted OR 1.22; 95% Cl = 1.07-1.39). The series of analysis of the relationship between in utero exposure to airborne PAH and foetal growth were performed in two parallel prospective studies in New York City (NYC), USA and in Kraków, Poland [2,[7][8][9][10][11]. In those studies, study design (prospective cohort studies), eligibility criteria (nonsmoking, healthy, nonoccupationally…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is widespread concern over the impact of PAH on pregnancy outcome [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A number of PAH are human mutagens and carcinogens and are potentially significant reproductive and developmental toxicants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and newborn biometric indicators

Polańska

Hanke²,

Sobala³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on foetal growth. Materials and Methods:The prospective Polish Mother and Child Cohort study was performed in 8 regions of Poland. The study population consisted of 449 mother-child pairs All women were interviewed three times during pregnancy (once in each trimester). 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) concentration in urine was chosen as the biomarker of exposure to PAH. The urine sample collected from the participant women between 20-24 weeks of pregnancy was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The active and passive smoking exposure was verified by determination of saliva cotinine level using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry/positive electrospray ionisation (LC-ESI + MS/MS) and isotope dilution method. Results: The exposure to PAH measured by 1-HP level in urine of pregnant women was significantly associated with child birth weight (β = -158.3; p = 0.01), chest circumference (β = -0.7; p = 0.02) and cephalisation index (β = 4.2; p = 0.01) after adjustment for gestational age, child gender, pregnant woman marital status, educational level, season of last menstruation period (LMP), prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and weight gain in pregnancy. After inclusion salivary cotinine levels into the analysis, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Prenatal exposures to PAH adversely influence foetal development including child weight, length, head and chest circumference. Tobacco smoking is the important source of PAH. After controlling for active and passive smoking, the observed associations were not statistically significant.

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Personal exposure to carcinogenic and toxic air pollutants in Stockholm, Sweden: A comparison over time

Yazar

Bellander

Merritt

2011

Atmospheric Environment

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Personal Exposure to Fine Particles and Benzo[A]pyrene. Relation with Indoor and Outdoor Concentrations of these Pollutants in Kraków

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Source attribution of personal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture using concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor measurements

Source attribution of personal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture using concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor measurements

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and newborn biometric indicators

Personal exposure to carcinogenic and toxic air pollutants in Stockholm, Sweden: A comparison over time

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