Personal Endorsement of Ambivalent Sexism and Career Success: an Investigation of Differential Mechanisms

Cheng, Polly; Shen, Winny; Kim, K. Yourie

doi:10.1007/s10869-019-09652-9

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Notably, for seniors, hostile sexism was associated with higher physical performance (push-ups); in the larger Army, applications to tracks for high profile positions and “star” opportunities highlight physical fitness scores as one of few performance metrics. Therefore, the positive connection between hostile sexism and occupational success demonstrated by Cheng et al (2020) might be most salient postgraduation, especially for selection into “star” tracks that afford cumulative advantages over the course of the career, and tend to elevate the values and priorities of previous cohorts (Corona, 2011; Moore & Trout, 1978). As the Army transitions to a new fitness test, which is more holistic and better translates to relevant physical tasks versus the APFT, but also places greater emphasis on muscular strength/endurance (United States Army, 2019), further evaluation of military promotion and retention is crucial to demonstrate whether hostile expressions of masculinity are as counterproductive in the greater military as at USMA, or if this finding reverses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The military hypermasculine mystique: Sex, status, and emotional control at the United States Military Academy.

Schaefer

Cotting

Proctor

et al. 2021

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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Although hostile expressions of masculinity have robust negative impacts in multiple domains among civilian populations, in the military, masculinity is a rarer target of inquiry and remains a polarizing subject. This article examines hostile and hypermasculine attitudes that prior work suggests may be associated with negative consequences for the social environment and men themselves in a U.S. military educational environment (N = 1,560 freshmen and 499 graduating senior men). Multivariate moderated multiple regressions (MMMR) linked military hypermasculinity facets (Machiavellian desire for status and control; conformity to masculine norms including emotional control, violence tolerance, needing to win, and impersonal sex preference; hostile and benevolent sexism) to performance outcomes including academics, leadership, and fitness; perceptions of peers, leadership, and antibias programming; and behavior. Desire for status, impersonal sex preference, violence tolerance, and benevolent sexism predicted negative performance outcomes. Violence tolerance, emotional control, and hostile sexism were associated with poorer perception of character education and/or anti-bias programming. Needing to win and control were associated with positive performance outcomes. Healthy messaging surrounding emotions, sex, and perception of women may help assuage toxic expressions of masculinity in the military. Contextualized demonstration of the counterproductive aspects of military hypermasculinity might sidestep opposition to altering hegemonic norms. Public Significance StatementOur results and the work of others show that hostile masculinities result in poor outcomes for men holding these beliefs and for the social environment generally. In our sample, poor outcomes for hypermasculine military attitudes included lower connection to peers, poorer grades and leadership, and rejection of diversity training efforts. Our findings suggest that healthy messaging surrounding sex and display of emotions are especially important to counteract problems associated with hypermasculine military culture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The military hypermasculine mystique: Sex, status, and emotional control at the United States Military Academy.

Schaefer

Cotting

Proctor

et al. 2021

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sehingga, berakibat terhadap lemahnya kinerja organisasi dikarenakan tidak adanya aspek-aspek dalam meningkatkan kinerja organisasi. Cheng et al (2020) mengungkapkan dalam penelitiannya bahwa benevolent sexism pada organisasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap gangguan karir pada wanita sedangkan untuk pria hal ini berpengaruh terhadap konflik kerja yang dilampiaskan pada keluarganya, artinya semakin tinggi perilaku seksisme maka kinerja dari organisasi akan semakin rendah.…”

Section: Diskusiunclassified

Seksisme sebagai moderator hubungan sense of community dan kinerja mahasiswa organisatoris

Hakiki

Mashuri

2021

Cognicia

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The performance of student organizations is a crucial variable in maintaining their existence and achieving their organizational goals. One of the important factors that influence this is the degree of sense of community of the members of the organization. Sexism as a gender prejudice is considered to have the potential to influence aspects of the sense of community and organizational performance. This study aims to examine sexism as a moderator on the relationship between sense of community and organizational performance. This study uses a quantitative method and determines the subject using a random sampling technique to the members of student organizations with a total of 223 subjects. The measuring instrument used is Sense of Community version 2, The Ambivalent of Sexism Inventory, and an Organizational Performance Scale. Data analysis used the method of moderated regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between sense of community and organizational performance, and sexism as a moderator variable had an insignificant value on the relationship between sense of community and organizational performance. Keywords: Organizational performance, sense of community, sexism, university student

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“…Overall and Hammond (2017) showed that women increased their dependence on their relations through benevolent sexism, limiting their personal achievements and professional ambitions. Indeed, women who endorsed benevolent sexism did have longer career interruptions (e.g., childbirth or childrearing; Cheng et al., 2019), are more vulnerable within their relationships (Hammond & Overall, 2013), or even prefer not to opt for job promotion in order to please their partner (Expósito et al., 2010). Thus, benevolent sexism is an important variable to consider in women's preferences.…”

Section: Gender (Un)equal Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's evaluation of costs and benefits in public versus private spheres: The role of gender ideology

Villanueva-Moya

Expósito

2021

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

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Gender equality's progress in the public sphere has not expanded to the private sphere, where women are primarily responsible for housework, which seems to affect them at individual, family, and social levels. We investigated how women perceive contextual (society), intrapersonal (decision-making), or interpersonal (romantic relationship) factors could affect them (cost and benefits) at these levels; considering women's gender ideology as moderator. In Study 1, women (N = 94) rated the associated costs and benefits of a context (equal vs. unequal) and a decision (work vs. family). Findings showed that an equal context and the decision to invest in work benefited women at the individual level; investing in work benefited women at the social level but not at the family level. Moreover, women's gender ideology affected their evaluation. The Study 2 focused on the private sphere, women (N = 91) rated the associated costs and benefits of an egalitarian (vs. traditional) partner. Women perceived more benefits at all levels in an egalitarian (vs. traditional) partner. The effect a partner's ideology had on women's perception was stronger than the women's ideology. These findings highlight thatalthough women progress in the public sphere-certain factors in the private sphere seem to affect them.

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Personal Endorsement of Ambivalent Sexism and Career Success: an Investigation of Differential Mechanisms

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

The military hypermasculine mystique: Sex, status, and emotional control at the United States Military Academy.

The military hypermasculine mystique: Sex, status, and emotional control at the United States Military Academy.

Seksisme sebagai moderator hubungan sense of community dan kinerja mahasiswa organisatoris

Women's evaluation of costs and benefits in public versus private spheres: The role of gender ideology

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