Personal and Social Tipping Norms: Race and Sex Differences

Whaley, Jeremy E.; Costen, Wanda M.

doi:10.5539/ijms.v11n3p1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This study finds that personal belief positively impacts Chinese consumer attitude and customers' intention toward purchasing organic food. According to Whaley and Costen's (2019) study, personal belief determines the personal rules of behavior that individuals learn socially among individuals within the same society and direct action in certain situations. Based on Doran and Larsen's (2016) study, personal belief is related to the self-concept that is experienced as the moral obligation for an individual to perform a certain behavior.…”

Section: Personal Beliefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Millennials’ Intention towards Purchasing Reusable Shopping Bags (Evidence from Bali)

Antari

Pangaribuan

2021

Journal of Multidisciplinary Issues

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Objective – This study aims to analyze the millennials intention in Bali towards purchasing reusable shopping bags, the study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methodology – The data were collected by using online questionnaire in Bali. The total sample of this study is 227 respondents. Findings – The finding of this study shows that Environmental Knowledge, Personal Belief, and Social Influence significantly affect the attitude of customers to purchase reusable shopping bags. Personal Belief becomes the dominant variable affecting consumer’s attitude. Meanwhile, Government Regulation and Media Exposure have no significant influence on the attitude towards purchasing reusable shopping bags. Attitude significantly influences Intention to Purchase reusable shopping bags, while Intention to Purchase reusable shopping bags gives a significant effect on Pro-Environmental Behavior. Novelty – In this study, the researchers extend the existing Theory of Planned Behavior and add environmental knowledge to show the fact that everyone is aware of the environment degradation issue and admit that the issue is everyone’s responsibility.

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Section: Personal Beliefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Millennials’ Intention towards Purchasing Reusable Shopping Bags (Evidence from Bali)

Antari

Pangaribuan

2021

Journal of Multidisciplinary Issues

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“…According to Shatnawi, et al, (2019) in Jordan restaurants food quality and service quality are the most important reasons creating tipping intentions, older age groups and the groups that had regular visits to restaurants had more intents to pay tips. Race and sex of the either the server or the client, group size, payment method, friendly of the staff and cost of the meal also motivates tipping, African-American man do not consider tipping whether for poor, mediocre or excellent service (Whaley & Costen, 2019, Kim, Nemeschanky & Brandt, 2019. Zahari, et al, 2011 conceptualised the reason for tipping as; socio demographic and behavioural aspects of the customer, the server and external factors (weather and location).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions and Practice of Tipping Amongst Domestic Tourists in Zimbabwe

Mazhande¹,

Basera²,

Chikuta³

et al. 2020

joghat

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Tipping is a common practice globally and at times mandatory in some societies, at the same time, some communities regard tipping as taboo. African societies view tipping differently and this poses a challenge among international tourists, particularly those from the west who are used to expressing their gratitude towards a satisfactory service through giving a tip. While it is almost certain that some nationals will always give a tip, do Africans, particularly Zimbabweans subscribe to the tipping philosophy? There is not enough literature in academia on tipping amongst African tourists, particularly those in Zimbabwe. Preliminary review of literature has revealed that there are only two studies published on the tipping practice in Zimbabwe. The one focused on the impact of tipping on waiters' service delivery as well as working relations among waiting staff (Mkono, 2011). The other study looked at the perceptions of hotel employees towards tipping and motivation (Kazembe, Mapingure & Chimutingiza, 2014). It is evident that the published studies were all supply side oriented without considering the demand side. This study seeks to interrogate the demand side by; (i) establishing the perceptions of domestic tourists when it comes to tipping; (ii) expose the nature of tipping amongst local tourists; (iii) establishing the motivation for tipping amongst domestic tourists. The study adopted a phenomenological philosophy, and used a qualitative design to collect and analyze data. The study conveniently sampled forty (40) domestic tourists from four (4) hotels in Zimbabwe and interviewed them. The findings revealed that domestic tourists in Zimbabwe perceive tipping as an appropriate and good practice. The main form

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