Personal and environmental factors related to self-care behavior of diabetes mellitus patients at public health center Mojo Surabaya

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. According to the International Diabetes Federation, Indonesia was projected to have 19.5 million diabetics by 2021, placing it among the top 5 countries with the highest diabetic population globally. Long-term complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus might require particular self-care. Diabetes self-care consist of various activities aimed at controlling blood glucose and minimizing complications. Personal factors and environmental factors influence a person's health behavior as social cognitive theory. Using said theory, this study objective is to determine personal and environmental factors that influence the diabetic self-care behavior of those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at the Mojo Public Health Center. There were 69 respondents in this cross-sectional study who met the inclusion criteria. Simple random sampling was applied on this study. The Chi-Square test and the Spearman-rho Correlation test are used for statistical analyses. The study’s findings indicated a correlation between family functioning (p=0.02; r=0.265) and the role of cadres and paramedic (p=0.00; r=0.512) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients self-care behavior. This study found that there was no significant correlation between the levels of knowledge (p=0.19), self-efficacy (p=0.052), and outcome expectation (p=0.72) and self-care behavior of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Mojo Public Health Center. The participation of several society segments, such as paramedic, cadres, families, and the local community is also necessary for patients to successfully perform self-care behavior.