2001
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.876
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Person theories and attention allocation: Preferences for stereotypic versus counterstereotypic information.

Abstract: How do people respond to information that counters a stereotype? Do they approach it or avoid it? Four experiments showed that attention to stereotype-consistent vs. -inconsistent information depends on people's implicit theories about human traits. Those holding an entity theory (the belief that traits are fixed) consistently displayed greater attention to (Experiments 1 and 4) and recognition of (Experiments 2 and 3) consistent information, whereas those holding an incremental (dynamic) theory tended to disp… Show more

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Cited by 219 publications
(265 citation statements)
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References 84 publications
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“…Previous research suggests that attention is more likely to be directed toward motivation-congruent information when processing resources are low (Plaks, Stroessner, Dweck, & Sherman, 2001;Sherman et al, 1998). For example, Plaks et al (2001) showed that people who are motivated to see group stereotypes as malleable (i.e., "incremental theorists") were especially likely to shift attention away from stereotype-consistent and toward stereotype-inconsistent information when they were under cognitive load. In contrast, people who are motivated to see group stereotypes as stable (i.e., "entity theorists") were especially likely to shift attention away from stereotype-inconsistent and toward stereotype-consistent information when they were under cognitive load.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous research suggests that attention is more likely to be directed toward motivation-congruent information when processing resources are low (Plaks, Stroessner, Dweck, & Sherman, 2001;Sherman et al, 1998). For example, Plaks et al (2001) showed that people who are motivated to see group stereotypes as malleable (i.e., "incremental theorists") were especially likely to shift attention away from stereotype-consistent and toward stereotype-inconsistent information when they were under cognitive load. In contrast, people who are motivated to see group stereotypes as stable (i.e., "entity theorists") were especially likely to shift attention away from stereotype-inconsistent and toward stereotype-consistent information when they were under cognitive load.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dentro do campo de investigação dos estereótipos, tem-se publicado um número apreciável de estudos que versam sobre a activação, a utilização ou o controle dos estereótipos de skinhead (ver Bodenhausen & Macrae, 1999;, nos quais a categoria social de skinhead aparece associada aos atributos de hostil (Kawakami et al, 2000), de antipático (Sherman, Lee, Bessenoff, & Frost, 1998), de anti-social (Plaks, Stroessner, Dweck, & Sherman, 2001;Sherman & Besenoff, 1999), de agressivo (Wigboldus, Dijksterhuis, & van Knippenberg, 2003), de perigoso, falso e desonesto (ver .…”
Section: Estereótipos De Skinheadunclassified
“…Este é um dado importante uma vez que assim se fornece uma base-line ("linha de base") para se interpretar o impacto dos estereótipos. As definições operacionais usadas nos diferentes estudos foram: (a) palavras, incluindo atributos, irrelevantes para a categoria de skinhead (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994); (b) atributos neutros para a categoria de skinhead ; (c) comportamentos irrelevantes (ou neutros, Sherman & Bessenoff, 1999) para os atributos ou dimensões de simpático/antipático (unkind/Kind) (Sherman, Gayle, Bessenoff, & Frost, 1998;Sherman, Lee, Bessenoff, & Frost, 1998;Wigboldus, Dijksterhuis, & van Knippenberg, 2003) ou de antisocial/prosocial (Plaks, Stroessner, Dweck, & Sherman, 2001) 1 .…”
Section: Estereótipos De Skinheadunclassified
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“…Future research should directly measure and test dialectical reasoning. Moreover, given individual differences are dynamic, such that people who chronically endorse one style of reasoning can be primed to activate the alterative style of reasoning in the laboratory (e.g., Plaks, Stroessner, Dweck, & Sherman, 2001), and cultural differences can also be influenced by the social context (e.g., Hong, Benet-Martinez, Chiu, & Morris, 2003;Hong, Morris, Chiu, & BenetMartinez, 2002), an avenue of future research could be to induce people's tendency to engage in dialectical reasoning in laboratory and examine whether the negative relation between team conflict and identity will be wiped out when people are induced to think dialectically.…”
Section: Limitations and Directions For Future Researchmentioning
confidence: 99%