Person-centred, occupation-based intervention program supported with problem-solving therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Individuals with diabetes mellitus have difficulty solving problems in meaningful occupations and have similar difficulties with self-care regimens. We examined the effects of an occupation-based intervention supported with problem-solving therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus on participation in and satisfaction with meaningful occupations, diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy, preferred coping strategies and individual well-being. Methods: This study was planned as a single-blind, randomised controlled study with a 3-month follow-up involving 67 adults with type 2 diabetes. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Diabetes Empowerment Scale, Brief COPE and five-item World Health Organisation Well-Being Index were used. This programme included evaluations, diabetes education, and problem-solving therapy. The intervention was conducted for 6 weeks, and each weekly session lasted approximately 60 min. Differences between groups were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Friedman test was used to calculate group-time interaction differences (i.e., baseline, after 6 weeks and after 3 months). Results: All participants identified the most significant occupational performance problems in self-care as personal care. Significant improvement was reported in the intervention group compared to the control group regarding participation in meaningful occupation, satisfaction with performance, psychosocial self-efficacy, and well-being results (p < 0.001) after the programme and 3 months of follow-up. Participant use of effective coping strategies, active coping and acceptance strategies, and self-efficacy, as revealed by the results, suggested improvement in favour of the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Occupation-based problem-solving therapy encourages participation in meaningful occupations and improves psychosocial self-efficacy, effective coping styles, and well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problem-solving therapies that incorporate individuals' priorities via meaningful occupation can be used to lead to a meaningful and quality life for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Effectiveness of a Problem-Solving Program in Improving Problem-Solving Ability and Glycemic Control for Diabetics with Hypoglycemia

“…Thus, HbA1c control may have been affected by the participants' problem-solving ability. Studies have suggested that training in problem-solving requires patients and healthcare personnel to act as partners in a diabetes care team; this approach helps cultivate patients' problem-solving skills to manage diverse life situations [24,25]. The results of the current 6-month short-term follow-up indicated that the participants interacted with the care team through blood glucose monitoring and were taught how to interpret their monitoring results and improve their blood glucose on the basis of the measured values.…”

Piloting an Intervention to Improve Outcomes in Young Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: The Experience of the D1 Now Support Worker

“…Current literature related to the potential role of allied health professionals such as Occupational Therapy in diabetes care is really only just emerging. Recent research studies across the UK and USA demonstrate the valuable contribution OT can make to a range of diabetes populations, across the lifespan and in a range of settings (33)(34)(35)(36). OT practice in Ireland appears slow to build on this work of international colleagues.…”

The influences of the environment and information on the complications of diabetes on patient outcomes

“…We read with great interest this study, which clarified the effects of problem-solving therapy (PST) on the occupational performance, self-efficacy, and well-being of type 2 diabetic patients in Turkey [1]. However, we have two concerns about the methodology of this study.…”

“…Open Access *Correspondence: kishindesu@gmail.com 1 Department of Community-Based Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago-City, Tottori 683-8503, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article • fast, convenient online submission • thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field • rapid publication on acceptance…”