Person-centered approaches in the study of personality disorders.

Hicks, Brian M.; Clark, David A.; Durbin, C. Emily

doi:10.1037/per0000212

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…[ 98 ]). As previous studies showed that both DSM-5 [ 99 ] and ICD-11 [ 100 ] maladaptive personality trait domains may be, to a large extent, conceptualized as maladaptive variants of Big Five traits, it is highly likely that also maladaptive personality trait domains align around personality prototypes and that the person-oriented approach may amend the research field of personality pathology [ 101 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality types revisited–a literature-informed and data-driven approach to an integration of prototypical and dimensional constructs of personality description

2021

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A new algorithmic approach to personality prototyping based on Big Five traits was applied to a large representative and longitudinal German dataset (N = 22,820) including behavior, personality and health correlates. We applied three different clustering techniques, latent profile analysis, the k-means method and spectral clustering algorithms. The resulting cluster centers, i.e. the personality prototypes, were evaluated using a large number of internal and external validity criteria including health, locus of control, self-esteem, impulsivity, risk-taking and wellbeing. The best-fitting prototypical personality profiles were labeled according to their Euclidean distances to averaged personality type profiles identified in a review of previous studies on personality types. This procedure yielded a five-cluster solution: resilient, overcontroller, undercontroller, reserved and vulnerable-resilient. Reliability and construct validity could be confirmed. We discuss wether personality types could comprise a bridge between personality and clinical psychology as well as between developmental psychology and resilience research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality types revisited–a literature-informed and data-driven approach to an integration of prototypical and dimensional constructs of personality description

2021

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“…By the simultaneous use of various personality measures, specific adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles may be assessed in adolescent high-risk samples. Hicks and colleagues [38] discuss the advantages and shortcoming of both person-centered and variable-centered approaches in the examination of personality traits, whereas variable-centered approaches are considered useful to describe single personality constructs and their associations with other constructs or outcomes across or between individuals. Person-centered approaches allow for the consideration of the co-existence and interdependence of different personality constructs within an individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Personality, and Crime: Distinct Associations among a High-Risk Sample of Institutionalized Youth

Barra

Aebi

d’Huart

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Despite high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and personality-related disturbances among delinquent juveniles, associations among ACEs, youth personality, and juvenile crime involvement are still unclear. High-risk samples of institutionalized youth are in specific need of a comprehensive assessment of ACEs and personality features in order to broaden the current knowledge on the occurrence and persistence of juvenile crime and to derive implications for prevention and intervention. We examined a heterogeneous high-risk sample of 342 adolescents (35.1% females, 64.9% males) aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.74, SD = 1.61 years) living in child-welfare or juvenile justice institutions regarding cumulative ACEs, psychopathic traits, temperament, and clinical personality disorder ratings, and criminal involvement before and up to 10 years after assessment. We found considerable rates of ACEs, although cumulative ACEs did not predict future crime. Latent Profile Analysis based on dimensional measures of psychopathy, temperament, and personality disorders derived six distinct personality profiles, which were differently related to ACEs, personality disturbances, clinical psychopathology, and future delinquency. A socially difficult personality profile was associated with increased risk of future crime, whereas avoidant personality traits appeared protective. Findings indicate that the role of ACEs in the prediction of juvenile delinquency is still not sufficiently clear and that relying on single personality traits alone is insufficient in the explanation of juvenile crime.

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“…For example, researchers can be transparent about the methods used to derive classes and the decisions made, so that findings can be critically appraised and replicated (Collins and Lanza, 2010; van de Schoot et al, 2017). In addition, identified classes can be validated by investigating whether there are expected relationships between classes and other variables (Lenzenweger, 2004; Collins and Lanza, 2010; Hicks et al, 2017). Reliability of classes can be tested by conducting the same analysis in different samples, or with a subset of the same sample, to see if they are consistently found (Bauer and Curran, 2004; Lenzenweger, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Latent Class Analysis for Investigating Population Child Mental Health: A Systematic Review

2019

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Background: Latent class analysis (LCA) can be used to identify subgroups of children with similar patterns of mental health symptoms and/or strengths. The method is becoming more commonly used in child mental health research, but there are reservations about the replicability, reliability, and validity of findings. Objective: A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the extent to which LCA has been used to study population mental health in children, and whether replicable, reliable and valid findings have been demonstrated. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A search of literature, published between January 1998 and December 2017, was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, ERIC, ASSIA, and Google Scholar. A total of 2,748 studies were initially identified, of which 23 were eligible for review. The review examined the methods which studies had used to choose the number of mental health classes, the classes that they found, and whether there was evidence for the validity and reliability of the classes. Results: Reviewed studies used LCA to investigate both disparate mental health symptoms, and those associated with specific disorders. The corpus of studies using similar indicators was small. Differences in the criteria used to select the final LCA model were found between studies. All studies found meaningful or useful subgroups, but there were differences in the extent to which the validity and reliability of classes were explicitly demonstrated. Conclusions : LCA is a useful tool for studying and classifying child mental health at the population level. Recommendations are made to improve the application and reporting of LCA and to increase confidence in findings in the future, including use of a range of indices and criteria when enumerating classes, clear reporting of methods for replicability, and making efforts to establish the validity and reliability of identified classes.

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Person-centered approaches in the study of personality disorders.

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Personality types revisited–a literature-informed and data-driven approach to an integration of prototypical and dimensional constructs of personality description

Personality types revisited–a literature-informed and data-driven approach to an integration of prototypical and dimensional constructs of personality description

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Personality, and Crime: Distinct Associations among a High-Risk Sample of Institutionalized Youth

The Application of Latent Class Analysis for Investigating Population Child Mental Health: A Systematic Review

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