Persistent tobacco smoke residue in multiunit housing: Legacy of permissive indoor smoking policies and challenges in the implementation of smoking bans

Matt, Georg E.; Quintana, Penelope J.E.; Hoh, Eunha; Zakarian, Joy M.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Record, Rachael A.; Hovell, Melbourne F.; Mahabee‐Gittens, E. Melinda; Padilla, Samuel; Markman, Laura; Watanabe, Kayo; Novotny, Thomas E.

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101088

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The home environment is a particularly important setting for SHS exposure in children. More so, when children live with adults who smoke inside the home or live in multiunit housing where smoking occurs in other units [ 7 , 8 ]. Children may also be exposed to smoking substances as residue in smokers’ homes and buildings, despite indoor smoking ban.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of parental smoking on their children’s urine cotinine level in Korea: A population-based study

Park

Ranabhat

2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Children may be exposed to tobacco products in multiple ways if their parents smoke. The risks of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) are well known. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental smoking and the children’s cotinine level in relation to restricting home smoking, in Korea. Methods Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Health Examination Survey data from 2014 to 2017, we analyzed urine cotinine data of parents and their non-smoking children (n = 1,403), in whose homes parents prohibited smoking. We performed linear regression analysis by adjusting age, sex, house type, and household income to determine if parent smoking was related to the urine cotinine concentration of their children. In addition, analysis of covariance and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were performed according to parent smoking pattern. Finding Children’s urine cotinine concentrations were positively associated with those of their parents. Children of smoking parents had a significantly higher urine cotinine concentration than that in the group where both parents are non-smokers (diff = 0.933, P < .0001); mothers-only smoker group (diff = 0.511, P = 0.042); and fathers-only smoker group (diff = 0.712, P < .0001). In the fathers-only smoker group, the urine cotinine concentration was significantly higher than that in the group where both parents were non-smoker (diff = 0.221, P < .0001), but not significantly different compared to the mothers-only smoker group (diff = - -0.201, P = 0.388). Children living in apartments were more likely to be exposed to smoking substances. Conclusion This study showed a correlation between parents’ and children’s urine cotinine concentrations, supporting the occurrence of home smoking exposure due to the parents’ smoking habit in Korea. Although avoiding indoor home smoking can decrease the children’s exposure to tobacco, there is a need to identify other ways of smoking exposure and ensure appropriate monitoring and enforcement of banning smoking in the home.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of parental smoking on their children’s urine cotinine level in Korea: A population-based study

Park

Ranabhat

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Participants were recruited from a larger observational study of THS pollution in low-income multiunit housing, in which 220 homes were screened for eligibility for a THS cleaning intervention study [ 12 ]. Of the 60 homes included in the present study, N = 37 provided environmental samples from the screening phase only, and N = 23 provided samples from the screening and intervention phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoke is a likely source of lead and cadmium in settled house dust

Matt

Quintana

Hoh

et al. 2021

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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Introduction: Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are risk factors for adverse health outcomes in children and adults. This study examined whether thirdhand smoke residue contributes to Pb and Cd in settled house dust. Methods: Participants were 60 multiunit housing residents in San Diego, California. All had indoor smoking bans during the study period, and 55 were nonsmokers. Wipe samples from different surfaces and vacuum floor dust samples were analyzed for nicotine, a marker of thirdhand smoke, and for Pb and Cd using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. Results: Examined in each sample type separately, Pb and Cd loadings were significantly correlated (r = 0.73, vacuum floor dust; 0.52, floor wipes; 0.72, window sill/trough wipes; all p < 0.0025). Pb and Cd loadings from different sample types were not correlated (all p > 0.30). Nicotine loading in dust was significantly correlated with Pb and Cd loading in dust (r = 0.49 for Pb; r = 0.39 for Cd, all p < 0.0025). Pb and Cd loadings on floor or window surfaces, showed no association with nicotine loading in dust, on floors, or on furniture (all p < 0.30). Conclusions: Tobacco smoke is a likely source of Pb and Cd that accumulates in settled house dust in multiunit housing, suggesting that Pb and Cd are constituents of thirdhand smoke that lingers long after smoking has ended.

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“…Disposal of contaminated household items and deconstruction debris may partly account for the presence of cigarette pollution in landfill leachate [84,117]. Matt et al notes that the "toxic legacy" related to THS on household surfaces goes largely unnoticed; they argue that cigarettes manufacturers, suppliers, and retailers bear some responsibility for preventing and mitigating associated environmental impacts [118].…”

Section: Air Contamination From Combustible Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts

et al. 2021

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While the impacts of cigarette smoking on human health are widely known, a less recognized impact of tobacco product use and disposal is environmental pollution. This review discusses the current literature related to cigarette and e-cigarette contamination in the context of environmental sources and impacts, with a focus on the documented influences on biota, ranging from bacteria to mammals. Cigarette butts and electronic cigarette components can leach contaminants into soil, water, and air. Cellulose acetate cigarette filters comprising the butts are minimally degradable and are a source of bulk plastic and microplastic pollution, especially in aquatic ecosystems where they tend to accumulate. Cigarette combustion and aerosol production during e-cigarette use result in air contamination from sidestream, exhaled, and thirdhand pathways. The chemical byproducts of tobacco product use contaminate wastewater effluents, landfill leachates, and urban storm drains. The widespread detection of nicotine and cotinine in the environment illustrates the potential for large-scale environmental impacts of tobacco product waste. Studies show that cigarette butt leachate and nicotine are toxic to microbes, plants, benthic organisms, bivalves, zooplankton, fish, and mammals; however, there remain critical knowledge gaps related to the environmental impacts of tobacco product waste on environmental health and ecosystem functioning.

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Persistent tobacco smoke residue in multiunit housing: Legacy of permissive indoor smoking policies and challenges in the implementation of smoking bans

Cited by 36 publications

References 62 publications

Effect of parental smoking on their children’s urine cotinine level in Korea: A population-based study

Effect of parental smoking on their children’s urine cotinine level in Korea: A population-based study

Tobacco smoke is a likely source of lead and cadmium in settled house dust

A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts

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