Persistent Symptoms After Discharge of COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Objective: Many observational studies have reported high morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 during hospitalisation. This study aimed to examine the longterm symptoms and related factors of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19. Materials and Methods:Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 266 patients who were followed up in the hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were recorded. The patients were followed for an average of 14 weeks after discharge. The discharged patients were surveyed for their symptoms by calling.Results: On average, 14 weeks after being discharged, it was found that a least one symptom persisted in 27.4% (n =73) of 266 patients. The three most common symptoms after discharge were 38.3% (n = 28) cough, headache (36.9%, n = 27), shortness of breath (27.3%, n = 20), respectively. In multivariate analysis, it was found that symptoms persist more in patients with high CRP (C-reactive protein) and ferritin during hospitalisation (p: 0.03; p: 0.005, respectively). Conclusion:After COVID-19, it was observed that complaints continued after discharge in a significant number of patients. During hospitalisation, high ferritin and CRP levels were found to be associated with the persistence of symptoms. It was considered that symptoms associated with COVID-19 persist more in those with a high inflammatory response.

Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…, Savarraj et al, 2020 , Soldati et al, 2021 , Soraas et al, 2021 , Walle-Hansen et al, 2021 , Taboada et al, 2021 , Van Veenendaal et al, 2021 , Szende et al, 2014 , Amin-Chowdhury et al, 2021 , Augustin et al, 2021 , Cirulli et al, 2020 , Darley et al, 2021 , Ferrucci et al, 2021 , Kashif et al, 2021 , O’Keefe et al, 2021 , Peghin et al, 2021 , Shang et al, 2021 , Simani et al, 2021 , Stavem et al, 2021 , Xiong et al, 2021 , González-Hermosillo et al, 2021 , Petersen et al, 20212021 , Tawfik et al, 2021;18(3):em291. , Mei et al, 2021 , Evlice et al, 2021 ), p<0.001)…”

“…, Savarraj et al, 2020 , Soldati et al, 2021 , Soraas et al, 2021 , Walle-Hansen et al, 2021 , Taboada et al, 2021 , Van Veenendaal et al, 2021 , Szende et al, 2014 , Amin-Chowdhury et al, 2021 , Augustin et al, 2021 , Cirulli et al, 2020 , Darley et al, 2021 , Ferrucci et al, 2021 , Kashif et al, 2021 , O’Keefe et al, 2021 , Peghin et al, 2021 , Shang et al, 2021 , Simani et al, 2021 , Stavem et al, 2021 , Xiong et al, 2021 , González-Hermosillo et al, 2021 , Petersen et al, 20212021 , Tawfik et al, 2021;18(3):em291. , Mei et al, 2021 , Evlice et al, 2021 ), p<0.001) Significant worsening of health was found across all symptom categories, whereas no statistically significant reduction in health state was found among patients reporting no symptoms Female sex was associated with chronic fatigue O’Keefe et al, 2021 a, 85 USA Cross-sectional Emory Healthcare’s Virtual Outpatient Management Clinic (VOMC) N= 198 participants discharged from outpatient telemedicine program for COVID-19(including 35 previously hospitalized cases) Age Range: 18-84 Median Age: 44 ± 14 Sex (%F/%M): 74.2/25.8 Median 119 (range 26-220) days following diagnosis RT-PCR Subjective self-report via e-mail survey 21.2% (42/198) reported fatigue 90-220 days after the acute COVID-19 phase 13.6% (27/198) reported mental fog 90-220 days after the acute COVID-19 phase Moderate to severe acute COVID-19, female sex, and middle age were highly associated with persistent symptoms Ong...…”

“…Bashlyaeva Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital N= 518 children (all previously hospitalized cases) Age Range: ≤18 Median Age: 10.4 (3–15.2) Sex (%F/%M): 52.1/47.9 Median 256 (223-271) days following discharge RT-PCR Subjective self-report via telephone surveyconducted by medical students 10.7% (53/518) reported fatigue scores on wellness scale for children with 2+ persistent symptoms significantly declined when compared to before COVID-19 onset (from 90 ( Augustin et al, 2021 , Cirulli et al, 2020 , Darley et al, 2021 , Ferrucci et al, 2021 , Kashif et al, 2021 , O’Keefe et al, 2021 , Peghin et al, 2021 , Shang et al, 2021 , Simani et al, 2021 , Stavem et al, 2021 , Xiong et al, 2021 , González-Hermosillo et al, 2021 , Petersen et al, 20212021 , Tawfik et al, 2021;18(3):em291. , Mei et al, 2021 , Evlice et al, 2021 ) to 70 ( Jacobson et al, 2021 , Johnsen et al, 2021 , Latronico et al, 2020 , Logue et al, 2021 , Menges et al, 2021 , Miskowiak et al, 2021 , Munblit et al, 2021 , Orrù et al, 2021 , Osmanov et al, 2021 , Pereira et al, 20212021 , Qu et al, 2021 , Rass et al, 2021;(ene.14803). , Savarraj et al, 2020 , Soldati et al, 2021 , Soraas et al, 2021 , Walle-Hansen et al, 2021 , Taboada et al, 2021 , Van Veenendaal et al, 2021 , Szende et al, 2014 , …”

“…, Savarraj et al, 2020 , Soldati et al, 2021 , Soraas et al, 2021 , Walle-Hansen et al, 2021 , Taboada et al, 2021 , Van Veenendaal et al, 2021 , Szende et al, 2014 , Amin-Chowdhury et al, 2021 , Augustin et al, 2021 ) Scores on wellness scale for children with 1 persistent symptom significantly declined when compared to before COVID-19 onset (from 90 ( Augustin et al, 2021 , Cirulli et al, 2020 , Darley et al, 2021 , Ferrucci et al, 2021 , Kashif et al, 2021 , O’Keefe et al, 2021 , Peghin et al, 2021 , Shang et al, 2021 , Simani et al, 2021 , Stavem et al, 2021 , Xiong et al, 2021 , González-Hermosillo et al, 2021 , Petersen et al, 20212021 , Tawfik et al, 2021;18(3):em291. , Mei et al, 2021 , Evlice et al, 2021 , Rauch et al, 2021 , Woo et al, 20202020 , Hopkins et al, 2020 , Jason et al, 2021 , Lam et al, 2009 ) to 82.5 [70-93.8]) Older age group and pre-existent allergic disease were associated with persistent symptoms Peghin et al, 2021 86 Italy Prospective Cohort Udine Hospital N= 599 (442 outpatient cases, 157 previously hospitalized, including 23 in ICU) Age Range: 18-94 Mean Age: 53 ± 15.8 Sex (%F/%M): 53.4/46.6 Median 191 (172-204) days following onset of acute COVID-19 Nucleic acid amplification tests and/or clinical diagnosis Subjective self-report via telephone questionnaire administered by trained nurses …”

“…Scores on wellness scale for children with 1 persistent symptom significantly declined when compared to before COVID-19 onset (from 90 ( Augustin et al, 2021 , Cirulli et al, 2020 , Darley et al, 2021 , Ferrucci et al, 2021 , Kashif et al, 2021 , O’Keefe et al, 2021 , Peghin et al, 2021 , Shang et al, 2021 , Simani et al, 2021 , Stavem et al, 2021 , Xiong et al, 2021 , González-Hermosillo et al, 2021 , Petersen et al, 20212021 , Tawfik et al, 2021;18(3):em291. , Mei et al, 2021 , Evlice et al, 2021 , Rauch et al, 2021 , Woo et al, 20202020 , Hopkins et al, 2020 , Jason et al, 2021 , Lam et al, 2009 ) to 82.5 [70-93.8])…”