Persistent Supercurrent Atom Chip

Mukai, Tetsuya; Hufnagel, Christoph; Kasper, A.; Meno, T.; Tsukada, A.; Semba, Kouichi; Shimizu, Fujio

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.260407

Cited by 81 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recent experiments demonstrated the feasibility of superconducting microtraps [11] and the trapping of atoms nearby a persistent current loop [12]. The impact of the Meissner effect on the microtrap parameters has been assessed so far only theoretically [13].…”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it is likely that superconducting microstructures will have important applications which combine coherent atomic clouds with superconducting devices to form novel hybrid quantum systems. They include atomic hyperfine transitions coupled to local microwave sources made from Josephson junctions, or even quantum computation with single dipolar molecules [9] or Rydberg atoms that are coherently coupled by superconducting electrodes [10] .Recent experiments demonstrated the feasibility of superconducting microtraps [11] and the trapping of atoms nearby a persistent current loop [12]. The impact of the Meissner effect on the microtrap parameters has been assessed so far only theoretically [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Meissner Effect in Superconducting Microtraps

et al. 2008

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We report on the realization and characterization of a magnetic microtrap for ultra cold atoms near a straight superconducting Nb wire with circular cross section. The trapped atoms are used to probe the magnetic field outside the superconducting wire. The Meissner effect shortens the distance between the trap and the wire, reduces the radial magnetic-field gradients and lowers the trap depth. Measurements of the trap position reveal a complete exclusion of the magnetic field from the superconducting wire for temperatures lower than 6K. As the temperature is further increased, the magnetic field partially penetrates the superconducting wire; hence the microtrap position is shifted towards the position expected for a normal-conducting wire. PACS numbers:Microfabricated magnetic traps for cold atoms provide an intriguing physical scenario in which solid-state and atomic physics converge. Coherent control over the internal and external states of atomic quantum gases has already been achieved by means of magnetic potentials near microfabricated surfaces [1]. These advances led also to a number of fundamental studies of atom-surface interactions such as the spin decoherence of atoms near dielectric bodies [2,3,4,5,6] and the Casimir-Polder force between atoms and surfaces [7]. Superconductors are expected to play an essential role in this emerging field of research because they can provide an extremely low noise environment for trapped atoms [8]. Increased atomic coherence times at very short distances from superconducting surfaces will allow the manipulation of atomic wave functions even on the submicron scale. Also, it is likely that superconducting microstructures will have important applications which combine coherent atomic clouds with superconducting devices to form novel hybrid quantum systems. They include atomic hyperfine transitions coupled to local microwave sources made from Josephson junctions, or even quantum computation with single dipolar molecules [9] or Rydberg atoms that are coherently coupled by superconducting electrodes [10] .Recent experiments demonstrated the feasibility of superconducting microtraps [11] and the trapping of atoms nearby a persistent current loop [12]. The impact of the Meissner effect on the microtrap parameters has been assessed so far only theoretically [13]. The experimental observation of this fundamental property of superconductors requires short enough distances between the atoms and the superconducting surface. Understanding how the Meissner effect distorts magnetic potentials is a prerequisite for a new experimental regime in which the advantages of superconducting microstructures can be fully exploited.

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Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Meissner Effect in Superconducting Microtraps

et al. 2008

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“…In the area of magnetic trapping of ultracold atoms, considerable attention has been recently devoted to the interaction of atomic clouds with the surfaces of both superconducting atom chips [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and superconducting solid state devices [17][18][19][20]. Technological advances will allow a new generation of fundamental experiments and applications involving the control of the interface between atomic systems and quantum solid state devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating rate and spin flip lifetime due to near-field noise in layered superconducting atom chips

Fermani

Müller

Zhang

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We theoretically investigate the heating rate and spin flip lifetimes due to near field noise for atoms trapped close to layered superconducting structures with the superconductor in the Meissner state. In particular, we compare the case of a gold layer deposited above a superconductor with the case of a bare superconductor. We study a niobium-based and a YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO)-based chip. For both niobium and YBCO chips at a temperature of 4.2 K, we find that the deposition of the gold layer can have a significant impact on the heating rate and spin flip lifetime, as a result of the increase of the near field noise. At a chip temperature of 77 K, this effect is less pronounced for the YBCO chip.

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“…Several groups are currently preparing cold atomic clouds in the vicinity of superconducting chips at 77 K, cooled by liquid nitrogen, and at 4 K, cooled by liquid 4 He [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The vision of quantum state transfer between superconducting circuits and cold atoms requires further experimental development, in particular the preparation of atomic clouds close to millikelvin surfaces.…”

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Trapping of ultracold atoms in a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator

et al. 2013

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We describe the preparation of ultra cold atomic clouds in a dilution refrigerator. The closed cycle 3 He/ 4 He cryostat was custom made to provide optical access for laser cooling, optical manipulation and detection of atoms. We show that the cryostat meets the requirements for cold atom experiments, specifically in terms of operating a magneto-optical trap, magnetic traps and magnetic transport under ultra high vacuum conditions. The presented system is a step towards the creation of a quantum hybrid system combining ultra cold atoms and solid state quantum devices.PACS numbers: 37.10.Gh 07.20.-N The development of cold atom/solid state hybrid systems holds the promise of creating a quantum interface between printed electronic circuits, atoms and light [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] with applications in quantum electronics and information processing. Several groups are currently preparing cold atomic clouds in the vicinity of superconducting chips at 77 K, cooled by liquid nitrogen, and at 4 K, cooled by liquid 4 He [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The vision of quantum state transfer between superconducting circuits and cold atoms requires further experimental development, in particular the preparation of atomic clouds close to millikelvin surfaces. This low temperature is required to operate superconducting quantum circuits and also enhances the coherence time of solid state quantum bits, which must be long enough to realize quantum state transfer to atomic degrees of freedom.The conditions for cold atom preparation and the operation of mK environments are, however, very different. The first requires several tens of milliwatts of laser power for laser cooling [24]. The second is highly sensitive to heat sources such as laser radiation, since the cooling power of dilution refrigerators is typically less than a milliwatt. Here, we describe an experimental setup that fulfills the requirements for both the production of ultra cold atoms and operation of a mK environment. We trap rubidium atoms in a 6 K environment inside a 3 He/ 4 He dilution refrigerator capable of mK temperatures. We demonstrate the operation of a magnetooptical trap loaded by a beam of slow atoms produced with a Zeeman slower. The MOT coils and end section of the Zeeman slower are constructed with superconducting electromagnets mounted on an additional 6 K plate of the cryostat. We transfer the atoms into a magnetic trap and demonstrate the first step in a magnetic transfer scheme to bring the atoms towards the mK environment.

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Persistent Supercurrent Atom Chip

Cited by 81 publications

References 26 publications

Meissner Effect in Superconducting Microtraps

Meissner Effect in Superconducting Microtraps

Heating rate and spin flip lifetime due to near-field noise in layered superconducting atom chips

Trapping of ultracold atoms in a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator

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