Persistent spatial clusters of high body mass index in a Swiss urban population as revealed by the 5-year GeoCoLaus longitudinal study

Joost, Stéphane; Duruz, Solange; Marques‐Vidal, Pedro; Bochud, Murielle; Stringhini, Silvia; Paccaud, Fred; Gaspoz, Jean‐Michel; Théler, Jean-Marc; Chételat, Joël; Waeber, Gérard; Vollenweider, Péter; Guessous, Idris

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010145

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A flowchart of the selection process is presented in figure 1. From the 12 757 identified studies, after screening for relevant titles, abstracts and full manuscripts, 66 articles that fitted the eligibility criteria were selected 30–95. Summary characteristics are shown in table 2 and complete characteristics of the studies are shown in online supplementary file 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

et al. 2020

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Context and objectivesNeighbourhood effect research on obesity took off in the early 2000s and was composed of mostly cross-sectional observational studies interested in various characteristics of the built environment and the socioeconomic environment. To limit biases related to self-selection and life course exposures, many researchers apply longitudinal designs in their studies. Until now, no review has specifically and exclusively examined longitudinal studies and the specific designs of these studies. In this review, we intend to answer the following research question: how are the temporal measurements of contextual exposure and obesity outcomes integrated into longitudinal studies that explore how neighbourhood-level built and socioeconomic environments impact adult obesity?DesignA systematic search strategy was designed to address the research question. The search was performed in Embase, Web of Science and PubMed, targeting scientific papers published before 1 January 2018. The eligible studies reported results on adults, included exposure that was limited to neighbourhood characteristics at the submunicipal level, included an outcome limited to obesity proxies, and reported a design with at least two exposure measurements or two outcome measurements.ResultsThis scoping review identified 66 studies that fit the eligibility criteria. A wide variety of neighbourhood characteristics were also measured, making it difficult to draw general conclusions about associations between neighbourhood exposure and obesity. We applied a typology that classified studies by whether exposure and outcome were measured as varying or fixed. Using this typology, we found that 32 studies reported both neighbourhood exposure and obesity outcomes that were varying in time; 28 reported varying outcomes but fixed exposures; and 6 had fixed outcomes and varying exposures.ConclusionOur typology illustrates the variety of longitudinal designs that were used in the selected studies. In the light of our results, we make recommendations on how to better report longitudinal designs and facilitate comparisons between studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

et al. 2020

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“…Conversely, a significant proportion of overweight or obese individuals (WHO, ) perceive themselves to be lighter than they really are (Cornelissen et al, ; Gunnare, Silliman, & Morris, ), and this underestimation is associated with underestimation of cardiovascular and personal health risks (Powell et al, ). Since obesity tends to be geographically clustered (Dahly, Gordon‐Larsen, Emch, Borja, & Adair, ; Joost et al, ; Tamura et al, ), individuals living in high obesity areas are both more likely to be obese, and more likely to be exposed to more obese bodies in their visual environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental manipulation of visual attention affects body size adaptation but not body dissatisfaction

Stephen

Hunter

Sturman

et al. 2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Prolonged exposure to large/small bodies causes aftereffects in perceived body size.Outside the laboratory, individuals repeatedly exposed to small (large) bodies tend to over-(under-) estimate their size and exhibit increased (decreased) body dissatisfaction. Why, among individuals exposed to approximately equivalent distributions of body sizes, only some develop body size and shape misperception and/or body dissatisfaction is not yet fully understood.Method: We exposed 61 women to high and low adiposity bodies simultaneously, instructing half to attend to high, and half to low adiposity bodies.Results: Participants in the high adiposity attention condition's perception of "normal" body size significantly increased in adiposity, and vice versa. Discussion: This suggests that visual attention moderates body size aftereffects. Interventions encouraging visual attention to more realistic ranges of bodies may therefore reduce body misperception. No change in body dissatisfaction was found, suggesting that changes in the perceptual component (misperception) may not necessarily affect the attitudinal component (dissatisfaction) of body image distortion. K E Y W O R D S body size misperception, visual adaptation

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“…For instance, it is no longer possible to ignore the fact that consumers are strongly attracted to food high in salt, sugar, and fats, 20 or that income and living environments affect eating habits. 21 To sum up, objective individual responsibility attribution for one's disease involves a step procedure. First we need to identify known health-related lifestyle factors (Figure 1, dark dotted zone) and estimate the extent of their explained variance.…”

Section: Limiting Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Undeserving Sick? An Evaluation of Patients’ Responsibility for Their Health Condition

Clavien¹,

Hurst²

2020

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

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The recent increased prevalence of diseases related to unhealthy lifestyles raises difficulties for healthcare insurance systems traditionally based on the principles of risk-management, solidarity, and selective altruism: since these diseases are, to some extent, predictable and avoidable, patients seem to bear some responsibility for their condition and may not deserve full access to social medical services. Here, we investigate with objective criteria to what extent it is warranted to hold patients responsible for their illness and to sanction them accordingly. We ground our analysis on a series of minimal conditions for ‘practical’ and for ‘moral’ responsibility attribution. By applying these criteria consistently, we highlight that individual responsibility applies to risk-taking life choices rather than stigmatized sickness. We explain that responsibility is a matter of degree, that it varies across life-history, and can be affected by factors beyond the patients’ grasp. We point out that scientific knowledge about the effect of these factors generates responsibilities for other parties such as public health agencies and private industry. The upshot of our analysis is that health policies targeting the ‘liable’ undeserving sick are mostly unwarranted, and tend to increase unequal treatment of already vulnerable groups: the unlucky sick.

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Persistent spatial clusters of high body mass index in a Swiss urban population as revealed by the 5-year GeoCoLaus longitudinal study

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

Experimental manipulation of visual attention affects body size adaptation but not body dissatisfaction

The Undeserving Sick? An Evaluation of Patients’ Responsibility for Their Health Condition

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