It has become increasingly clear that many of the physiological processes in organisms do not occur at constant rates, even when the organism is in a constant laboratory environment. These fluctuations in rates are often of regular recurrence and may be designated as rhythms. 2 Various manifestations of these changes taking place within the organisms may be observed. Among them are rhythms of O 2consumption and CO,-production, locomotor activity, chromatophore pigment dispersal and body temperature changes.Judging from the number of contributed works in the field of biological rhythms, locomotor activity has been more often utilized as an index to rhythmic behavior than any other kind of biological process. The simplicity of automatic recording devices needed, the long span of time over which animals may be used for such studies, and the minimal interference with the animals' normal functioning, are some SUMMARY 1. The salamander, Plethodon cincrcus, shows a diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity, both in alternating 12-hour periods of light and darkness, and in continuous darkness.2. The diurnal rhythm is strongly modified by a depressive influence that is apparently associated with the time of lunar zenith.