Persistent organophosphorus pesticides in tropical marine environments

Readman, JW; Kwong, L. Liong Wee; Mee, Laurence; Bartocci, Jean; Nilvé, Göran; Rodriguez-Solano, J.A.; González‐Farías, F.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(92)90500-6

Cited by 73 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The potential of runoff as a route of entry for pesticides and sediments input from agricultural fields into streams has been illustrated in a number of other studies (e.g. Wauchope, 1978;Readman et al, 1992;DeLorenzo et al, 1999;McDonald et al, 1999;Werner et al, 2000;Schulz, 2001;Schulz et al, 2001;Dabrowski et al, 2002b). Schulz (2001) and Nakano et al (2004) provide an overview of field studies undertaken in temperate latitudes that establish a relationship between runoff events and increased total suspended sediment and pesticide levels in a river by monitoring their residues in river water or sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.Published by: Taylor & Francis/Balkema PO Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: Pub. NL@tandf.co.uk www.balkema.nl, www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk, To the memory of Dr. Akosua Werekoa (aka Awo), this thesis is dedicated to her, my wife, Mrs Bernice Worlanyo Ntow and my parents, Francis Andrews Ntow andMargaret Kyei (Yaa Saah), whom God has used to bring me this far. Contents AcknowledgementsChapter 1 Introduction 1Chapter 2 Farmer perceptions and pesticide use practices in vegetable production in Ghana 9Chapter 3 Dissipation of endosulfan in field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cropped soil at Akumadan 27Chapter 4The impact of agricultural runoff on the quality of two streams at Akumadan and Tono 43Chapter 5 Occupational exposure to pesticides: blood cholinesterase activity in farmers at Akumadan 57Chapter Introduction GeneralWorldwide pesticide usage has increased tremendously since the 1960s. It has largely been responsible for the "green revolution", i.e. the massive increase in food production obtained from the same surface of land with the help of mineral fertilisers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), more efficient machinery and intensive irrigation. The use of pesticides helped to significantly reduce crop losses and to improve the yield of crops such as corn, maize, vegetables, potatoes and cotton. Notwithstanding the beneficial effects of pesticides, their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health have been well documented worldwide and constitute a major issue that gives rise to concerns at local, regional, national and global scales (Planas et al., 1997; Huber et al., 2000; Kidd et al., 2001; Cerejeira et al., 2003). Residues of pesticides contaminate soils and water, persist in the crops, enter the food chain, and finally are ingested by humans with foodstuffs and water. Furthermore, pesticides can be held responsible for contributing to biodiversity losses and deterioration of natural habitats (Sattler et al., 2006). There have been reported instances of pest resurgence, development of resistance to pesticides, secondary pest outbreaks and destruction of non-target species. Despite the fact that pesticides are also applied in other sectors, agriculture can undoubtedly be seen as the most important source of adverse effects (Hoyer and Kratz, 2001; cited in Sattler et al., 2006).The application of different pesticides varies with the region. For instance, in North Ameri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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“…39). The tissues (5 g) were homogenised in acetone ] acetic acid (99 ] 1 by volume ; 10 ml) at 0¡C, then the solvent Ðltered o † through a sintered glass Ðlter.…”

Section: Analysis Of Mussel Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Neurotoxic Pesticides on the Feeding Rate of Marine Mussels (Mytilus edulis)

et al. 1997

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:The e †ects of selected neurotoxic pesticides on the feeding rate of marine mussels (Mytilus edulis) were determined. Two organochlorine pesticides, lindane and endrin, two acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting compounds, dichlorvos and carbaryl and two pyrethroids, Ñucythrinate and permethrin, were studied. No evidence was found for any speciÐc neurotoxic e †ect of the organochlorines and pyrethroids on feeding efficiency. In contrast, dichlorvos and carbaryl inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in mussel gills and were more toxic to feeding efficiency than could be explained by a narcotic mechanism of toxicity alone. Dichlorvos also caused clear behavioural changes in the mussels. The signiÐcance of these observations for the application of mussels to impact assessment in the marine environment is discussed.

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“…Most OP and C insecticides are regarded as being non-persistent, but many reports have indicated that they are persisting for extended periods in organic soils or sediments (Barcelo et al 1991, Readman et al 1992. Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE: EC 3.1.1.7) inhibition has been used as a biomarker of the effects of OP compounds and C (Coppage and Matthews 1974, Nemcsok et al 1985, Zinkl et al 1987, Day and Scott 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint action of combinations of pollutants on the acetylcholinesterase activity of several marine species

Bocquené

Bellanger²,

Cadiou³

et al. 1995

Ecotoxicology

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: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is used as a specific biomarker of the effects of organophosphorous (OP) and carbamate (C) insecticides on the coastal marine environment. Studies of mixtures (by pairs) of five of these substances showed cumulative, synergistic inhibitory effects in all cases. The strongest synergy was observed in organophosphate-carbamate mixtures (OP-C) and the least in mixtures of substances of the same type (OP-OP, C-C). The intensity of the synergistic effect was directly related to the length of time the enzyme was incubated with the inhibitory mixtures. Among the major organic contaminants of the marine environment, DDT and lindane (organochlorines), as well as atrazine and isoproturon, are not AChE inhibitors and had no effect on the inhibitory action of the OP and C insecticides tested. Among contaminants of metallic origin, zinc chloride, cadmium chloride, tributyltin chloride and methylmercury did not inhibit AChE at the concentrations measured in the different marine compartments (water, sediment, living matter). Mercuric chloride and arsenite had a weak inhibitory action in certain organisms. Zinc chloride, cadmium chloride and arsenic enhanced the inhibitory effects of some OP and C insecticides. The dragonet (Callionymus lyra) proved to be a particularly sensitive target species for monitoring pollutant effects.

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Persistent organophosphorus pesticides in tropical marine environments

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Effect of Neurotoxic Pesticides on the Feeding Rate of Marine Mussels (Mytilus edulis)

Joint action of combinations of pollutants on the acetylcholinesterase activity of several marine species

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