Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water, Sediments and Fish Samples from Ogbese River

Abstract

This study considered the levels of 15 organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues (α-BHC, β-BHC, ϒ-BHC, lindane, chlorothalonil, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endrin, dieldrin, p, p'-DDD, p, p'-DDT and endosulfan sulphate in water, sediments and fish species from Ogbese river in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. Samples were extracted and cleaned-up on silica gel adsorbent. The OCPs concentrations were determined using Gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with Electron Capture Detector. The OCPs concentration in water and sediments ranged from below detection limit (BDL): BDL -13.6 µg/L and 0.52 -450 µg/kg whilst the mean OCPs in the fish ranged from 2.64 -66.0 µg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that all the analysed fish samples were contaminated with the studied pesticides. Endosulfan I was found to be above EU and FAO/WHO maximum residue limits (MRL) in Clarias gariepinus fish samples. The sediments and fish samples showed evidence of organochlorine pesticides enrichment and bioaccumulation. Chi-square at α = 0.05 showed there were significant differences in the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments and fish samples except α-BHC.

Occurrence and Human Health Risk of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Pesticide Residues in Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Southwestern Nigeria

“…Ibigbami et al . previously reported the presence of 15 OCP residues, including α-HCH, β- HCH, lindane, p, p′ -DDD and p, p′ -DDT in water from the Ogbese river in Ekiti State 35. Ogbese is one of the most important flowing rivers in the study area.…”

Effects of Endosulfan on Predator–Prey Interactions Between Catfish and Schistosoma Host Snails

“…Because agriculture is an important economic activity in most poor countries (Dao 2012 ), a shift toward using pesticides that are less lethal to snail predators would be an important factor in balancing between agricultural productivity and decreased prevalence of schistosomiasis in endemic areas. In addition to endosulfan, several insecticides are found in aquatic ecosystems in many African countries including South Africa (Quinn et al 2011 ), Mali (Dem et al 2007 ), Nigeria (Ibigbami et al 2015 ; Ogbeide et al 2015 ), and Zambia (Syakalima et al 2006 ). Evaluation of the effects of these pesticides and their combinations on predator–prey interactions of host snails and their predators should be considered.…”

“…Endosulfan may enter the aquatic ecosystem through runoff, direct spray, leaching through the soil and volatilization into the atmosphere, and later as precipitation. Although monitoring data for pesticides is very difficult to find for developing countries (Van Dyk and Pletschke 2011 ), endosulfan has been found in water and sediment of many water bodies in Africa (Nyangababo et al 2005 ; Syakalima et al 2006 ; Ezemonye et al 2010 ; El Bouraie et al 2011 ; Ansara-Ross et al 2012 ; Ibigbami et al 2015 ) (Supplementary Information Table S1).…”

Methodologies and Results Concerning the Determination of Ocs And Pcbs From Fish Meat

“…The average work instructions start with mixing the sample with anhydrous sodium sulfate and continues with adding the necessary solvents for extraction. Successful results are achieved when merging hexane with acetone in different ratios (Akoto et al, 2016;Ibigbami et al, 2015). After mixing thoroughly by shaking, the process ends with the sonication of the mixture in an ultrasonic bath for 15-20 min and the collection of the supernatant.…”