Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals—Depot differences and dysmetabolism implications

Pestana, Diogo; Faria, Gil; Sá, Carla; Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz; Teixeira, Diana; Norberto, Sónia; Faria, Ana; Meireles, Manuela; Marques, Cláudia; Correia-Sá, Luísa; Cunha, Ana Rosa; Guimarães, João Tiago; Taveira‐Gomes, António; Santos, Ana Cristina; Domingues, Valentina F.; Delerue–Matos, Cristina; Monteiro, Rosário; Calhau, Conceição

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.026

Cited by 80 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These chemicals are resistant to natural environmental degradation, biomagnify in the food chain, and bioaccumulate in human tissues. POPs are thought to influence obesity risk by disrupting endocrine function by mimicking hormones, modulating gene transcription factors, or altering endogenous hormone availability, or through epigenetic mechanisms (110).…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • Obesity In Lmics 153mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges

Ford

Patel

Narayan

2017

Annu. Rev. Public Health

354

294

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We have reviewed the distinctive features of excess weight, its causes, and related prevention and management efforts, as well as data gaps and recommendations for future research in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Obesity is rising in every region of the world, and no country has been successful at reversing the epidemic once it has begun. In LMICs, overweight is higher in women compared with men, in urban compared with rural settings, and in older compared with younger individuals; however, the urban-rural overweight differential is shrinking in many countries. Overweight occurs alongside persistent burdens of underweight in LMICs, especially in young women. Changes in the global diet and physical activity are among the hypothesized leading contributors to obesity. Emerging risk factors include environmental contaminants, chronic psychosocial stress, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and genetic/epigenetic mechanisms. Data on effective strategies to prevent the onset of obesity in LMICs or elsewhere are limited. Expanding the research in this area is a key priority and has important possibilities for reverse innovation that may also inform interventions in high-income countries.

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Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • Obesity In Lmics 153mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges

Ford

Patel

Narayan

2017

Annu. Rev. Public Health

354

294

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The relationship strengthened with increasing HOMA-IR percentile: adjusted odds ratios comparing the highest versus lowest POPs quartile were 1.8 for being > or = 50th percentile of HOMA-IR, 4.4 for being > or = 75th percentile, and 7.5 for being > or = 90th percentile [102]. Other longitudinal studies have confirmed a significant association between POPs and insulin resistance [103].…”

Section: The Impact Of Pop Exposure On Laboratory Animalsmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a Plant-Based Diet

Strombom¹,

Rose²

2017

EMIJ

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Those following a plant-based diet have a 78% reduction risk of Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as a 56% reduced risk of metabolic syndrome and a lower average BMI, 22.4 for men and 21.8 for women. Vegetarians have less skeletal intramyocellular lipids, and better myocellular glucose disposal and mitochondrial function, and therefore have less peripheral insulin resistance. Vegetarians and vegans also have a much better inflammatory status, indicated by lower levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP and inflammatory adipocytokines such as IL-6, leptin, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory adipocytokines such as adiponectin. Those following a plant-based diet consume much less persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which have been shown to cause beta-cell mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the gut microbiome of vegetarians has been shown to play a role in reducing insulin resistance and the level of inflammation in the body, and consequently their risk of T2DM. Interventional studies show a reduction of HbA1C by as much as 2.4 percentage pts, which is more than is usually achieved with Metformin. Other clinical variables also show improvement such as reductions in BMI, total and LDL cholesterol and hsCRP. Studies show compliance rates are good, ranging from 84% to 99%. Medications should be titrated as the patient shows improvements. Treatment with a plantbased diet has no contraindications or adverse reactions. Keywords:

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“…In a recent paper, Gauthier et al [50] confirmed a relationship of POPs with the variation in metabolic risk observed among obese individuals showing that the metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) phenotype is associated with lower plasma levels of POPs as compared with metabolically dysfunctional obese subjects. In fact, results obtained by our group studying 189 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery revealed that, in addition to their ubiquity, POP levels either in subcutaneous (scAT) and visceral (vAT), the main reservoir of POPs, or their sum were higher in subjects with evidence of metabolic abnormalities, namely in glucose metabolism [51]. In our analysis, this pattern was especially evident for vAT, as we observed a dissimilar POP storage capability in the two distinct AT depots (vAT and scAT) with higher vAT POP levels in patients with increased aggregation of MetS components and higher 10-year cardiovascular risk based on the Framingham score.…”

Section: The Impact Of Edcs On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Endocrine Disruptors on Metabolic Dysfunction

Pestana¹,

Teixeira²,

Sá³

et al. 2016

TOBIOTJ

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Abstract:Abdominal obesity appears to be an important component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), in which along with insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia represents an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aetiology of obesity and its comorbidities is multifactorial, but despite the evidence of traditional contributing factors, the role of environmental toxicants with endocrine disrupting activity has been recently highlighted. Indeed, even small concentrations of these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have the ability to cause severe health damages. In this revision, we focused our attention on the mechanisms of action and impact of EDCs exposure as a contributor to the present epidemics of obesity and MetS.The "environmental obesogens" hypothesis associates environmental EDCs to the disruption of energy homeostasis, with recent studies demonstrating the ability of these compounds to modulate the adipocyte biology. On the other hand, the distinct distribution pattern observed between two metabolically distinct AT depots (visceral and subcutaneous) and subsequent repercussion in the aggravation of metabolic dysfunction in a context of obesity, provides accumulating evidence to hypothesise that EDCs might have an important "environmental dysmetabolism" effect.However, in addition to adulthood exposure, the perinatal effects are very important, since it may allow a change in the metabolic programming, promoting the further development of obesity and MetS. Therefore, additional research directed at understanding the nature and action of EDCs will illuminate the connection between health and the environment and the possible effects triggered by these compounds in respect to public health.

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Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals—Depot differences and dysmetabolism implications

Cited by 80 publications

References 44 publications

Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges

Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges

The Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a Plant-Based Diet

The Role of Endocrine Disruptors on Metabolic Dysfunction

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