Persistent orf in a ram

Greig, A. S.; Linklater, KA; Clark, W. R.

doi:10.1136/vr.115.7.149

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Sometimes, the disease may be seen in part of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) (Darbishire, 1961) particularly in pharynx and larynx (Thorp, 1943;Valder et al, 1979), oesophagus (Valder et al, 1979;Tontis et al, 1981) and rumen (Morales and Van Kruiningen, 1971;Tontis et al, 1981;Theil and Rudolph, 1981) or throughout alimentary tract (Thorp, 1943). The lesions on the skin of head (Tontis et al, 1981;Greig et al, 1984;Ilic et al, 1987;Coates and Hoff, 1990), face (Greig et al, 1984), ears (Freig et al, 1984;Nooruddin and Barik, 1989), neck, chest and flank (Coates and Hoff, 1990), legs (Greig et al, 1994) and nose (Ilic et al, 1953;Nooruddin and Barik, 1989) and mucosa of nostrils (Kater and Hansen, 1962;Alian et al, 2015) are also not uncommon. Erythema multiforme (EM) is a hypersensitivity reaction occurs as complication of orf infection in humans.…”

Section: The Disease Clinical Signs and Gross Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lesions of CPD commonly appears as cauliflower like papillomatous growth or proliferative type (Selbie, 1944;Kummeneje and Krogsrud, 1979;Valder et al, 1979;Tontis et al, 1982;Greig et al, 1984;Zanin et al, 1987;Coates and Hoff, 1990;Zamri-Saad et al, 1992), scabby and granulomatous (Hussain et al, 1992) or dry and crust thick scabs (Verdes et al 1970;Obi and Gibbs, 1978;Noruddin and Barik, 1989;Hawkins et al, 1991) on the mucocutaneous junction and perilabial areas. However, blisters or pearl like lesions, pustule and crusts on the teats and around the mammary gland (Peres, 1932;Slagsvold, 1938;Fontanelli and Caparrini, 1955;Verdes et al, 1970;Larsson and Zahoory, 1983) and papular and pustular lesions around the mouth (Roncero et al, 1989;Housawi et al, 1991;Hussain et al, 1992) and multiple erosive and pustular erruptions in the mouth, cheeks, tongue, lips and part of GIT (Darbyshire, 1961) have also been reported.…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Kumar¹,

Trivedi²,

Bhatt³

et al. 2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Contagious pustular dermatitis (CPD), also known as Orf or contagious ecthyma is an important viral disease of sheep and goats. It is mainly seen as a benign disease but malignant form has also been reported from few parts of the world. The rates of morbidity and mortality are higher, particularly in lambs and kids experiencing the disease for the first time. The causative agent of disease is Orf virus, type species of the genus Parapoxvirus belonging to family Poxviridae. The virus produces localized persistent proliferative skin lesions and affected hosts are infected repeatedly owing to its host immune evasive strategy. These viruses have been found uniformly labile to chloroform but resistant to ether and also exhibit antigenic variations among them. Clinically, the disease is enzootic and occurs in three forms viz. labial, genital / mammary and generalized forms. The incubation period in natural cases is 2-3 weeks. The disease outbreaks mostly occur between autumn and spring but its severity is more in autumn and winter than spring. The virus grows well in cell cultures of caprine, ovine and bovine origin. Confounding symptoms impose laboratory affirmation by serological assays or molecular techniques. The disease can be diagnosed by electron microscopy, serological tests and PCR/ quantitative real-time PCR. Virus specific antibody response to structural proteins of capripox and orf viruses in western-blot analysis readily differentiates these two infections. The antibody response to the 32 kDa and 26 kDa proteins of capripox viruses provides a firm basis for differentiation. Although, the role of humoral immunity is well established but probably cell mediated immunity plays a major role in recovery from natural infections. A number of inactivated and live or live modified vaccines have been tried with variable success. The duration of immunity after vaccination is controversial; outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated animals. The disease is also of public health significance as it causes infection in human beings. Keywords

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Section: The Disease Clinical Signs and Gross Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Kumar¹,

Trivedi²,

Bhatt³

et al. 2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…PBL were separated by centrifugation from EDTA-treated blood after lysis of erythrocytes by mixing with two volumes of 0.83% NH 4 Cl solution, washing 4 times in PBS, and suspending them in 1 ml of PBS. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 2,000 g in a microcentrifugation tube, and DNA was extracted from the cell pellet with a DNA extraction kit SepaGene (Sanko Jyunyaku, Tokyo), following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Parapoxvirus Infection in Cattle

Iketani

Inoshima

Asano

et al. 2002

Microbiology and Immunology

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The possibility of persistent parapoxvirus (PPV) infection was investigated by serologically and genetically using cattle infected with the virus experimentally and naturally. Three cattle were inoculated with the virus subcutaneously at several spots in the lips and abdominal regions. Small papules developed in the inoculated regions, and antibodies to the virus developed and continued persistently. One animal, from which one PPV had been previously isolated, was also subjected to serological and viral detection tests as a naturally infected case. Two of these four cattle were injected with dexamethasone (DM), and one was injected with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). The viral genome was rarely detected from the peripheral blood leukocytes in the ordinary condition, but frequently when the animals were injected with IFN‐γ. The viral genome was also detected from the lymph nodes as these PPV infected animals were euthanized. These results indicated that cattle were infected with PPV subclinically and persistently, and the virus was activated in stressed or immunosuppressed animals. The virus would be harbored in the lymphotic tissues of the animals when they show no clinical symptoms.

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“…Nitekim, Greig ve ark. (19) Ecthyma contagiosum virusunun elektron mikroskopisi üzerinde çeşitli araştırıcılar çalış-mışlardır (9,19,22,25,27,33). Enfeksiyonun geç dönemlerinde EM ile tanı koymak mümkün olmayabilir (25,31).…”

Section: Tartışma Ve Sonuçunclassified

“…Ancak, Greig ve ark. (19) enfeksiyonunun geç dönemindeki enfekte damızlık erkek bir koyundan aldıkları örneklerden Orf virusunu EM ile tespit ettiklerini bildirmektedirler. Harkness ve ark.…”

Section: Tartışma Ve Sonuçunclassified

Van Yöresi̇nde Bi̇r Sürüde Ecthyma Contagi̇osum (Orf) Olgusu

Çabalar¹

1996

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Persistent orf in a ram

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Persistent Parapoxvirus Infection in Cattle

Van Yöresi̇nde Bi̇r Sürüde Ecthyma Contagi̇osum (Orf) Olgusu

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