Persistent mysteries of jet engines, formation, propagation, and particle acceleration: Have they been addressed experimentally?

Blackman, Eric G.; Lebedev, S. V.

doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101661

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Magnetically collimated jets require a bounding pressure to stabilize and confine the fields (e.g., Begelman et al 1984;Lynden-Bell 1996). There do not seem to be any astrophysical jet sources where a bounding envelope or wind is proven to be absent (Blackman & Lebedev 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic Jet Motion in the Radio-quiet LINER Galaxy KISSR 872

Kharb,

Blackman,

Clausen-Brown

et al. 2024

ApJ

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We report superluminal jet motion with an apparent speed of β app = 1.65 ± 0.57 in the radio-quiet (RQ) low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxy KISSR 872. This result comes from two-epoch phase-referenced very long baseline interferometry observations at 5 GHz. The detection of bulk relativistic motion in the jet of this extremely radio-faint active galactic nucleus (AGN), with a total 1.4 GHz flux density of 5 mJy in the 5.″4 resolution Very Large Array FIRST survey image and 1.5 mJy in the ∼5 mas resolution Very Long Baseline Array image, is the first of its kind in an RQ LINER galaxy. The presence of relativistic jets in lower accretion rate objects like KISSR 872, with an Eddington ratio of 0.04, reveals that even RQ AGN can harbor relativistic jets and provides evidence of their universality over a wide range of accretion powers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic Jet Motion in the Radio-quiet LINER Galaxy KISSR 872

Kharb,

Blackman,

Clausen-Brown

et al. 2024

ApJ

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“…The magnetic fields are thought to explain a number of observed phenomena in these jets, including collimation, clumping, and kinking. In certain conditions, laser-produced plasma jets can be treated as rescaled analogs for astrophysical jets, meaning that tailored laboratory experiments can shed light on these astrophysical phenomena (Blackman and Lebedev, 2022). Loupias et al (2009) carried out the first such experiment using proton imaging to compare the expansion of a front-side blowoff plasma jet into vacuum with that of a similar jet into an ambient gas and found tentative evidence for electromagnetic fields at the gas-jet boundary from their ∼3-5 MeV proton-imaging data.…”

Section: E Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More generally there have been a large number of experiments studying HED plasmas generated by the interaction of lasers with solid or gaseous targets, with applications to hydrodynamic instabilities, particle acceleration, and ultrafast field and particle dynamics. Because plasmas are also a key component of many astrophysical systems, more recently the field of laboratory astrophysics has utilized HED plasmas in scaled experiments to study a variety of astrophysical phenomena (Gregori, Reville, and Miniati, 2015;Lebedev, Frank, and Ryutov, 2019;Takabe and Kuramitsu, 2021;Blackman and Lebedev, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

Schaeffer,

Bott,

Borghesi

et al. 2023

Rev. Mod. Phys.

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Proton imaging has become a key diagnostic for measuring electromagnetic fields in high-energydensity (HED) laboratory plasmas. Compared to other techniques for diagnosing fields, proton imaging is a measurement that can simultaneously offer high spatial and temporal resolution and the ability to distinguish between electric and magnetic fields without the protons perturbing the plasma of interest. Consequently, proton imaging has been used in a wide range of HED experiments, from

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“…This complicated problem is beyond analytic approach, as can be clearly seen from the perspective of mathematics in which it is a large set of intricately nonlinear, time-evolving partial differential equations. It is also beyond numerical simulations and laboratory experiments in the near future, particularly considering the two-way connections between the accretion flow and jet (see Davis & Tchekhovskoy 2020;and Blackman & Lebedev 2022 for recent reviews). Yet progresses have been continually made over the decades; based on the interfertilization of physics, numerical simulations and particularly observations, theoretical models and new concepts have been kept improving and emerging (see the above three reviews).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Uniformly Selected Sample of Low-mass Black Holes in Seyfert 1 Galaxies. III. Radio Sources from the SKA Pathfinders and Beyond

Wu,

Dong,

Qian

et al. 2024

ApJS

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Occupying the intermediate-mass regime of the accretion-jet parameter space, radio continuum emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with black hole mass M BH ≲ 106 M ⊙ (low-mass AGNs) is a valuable probe to the physics of relativistic jets. Yet the number of low-mass AGNs with radio detection is rather limited so far (≈40 in total). In this work, we make two efforts to search for radio counterparts for the largest sample of optically selected low-mass AGNs. First, we collect counterparts from the recent data releases of Square Kilometre Array (SKA) pathfinders such as LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey (LoTSS). Additionally, we deeply mine in Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST), fitting the FIRST images of the optical AGNs with an elaborate procedure optimized to detect faint radio sources. We have obtained 151 radio sources (mainly from the SKA pathfinders), including 102 new reliable sources (signal-to-noise ratio, hereafter S/N, ≥ 5) and 23 new candidates (3.5 ≤ S/N < 5). The majority of these new sources (119 of 125) have flux densities lower than the threshold of the official FIRST catalog. The new sources have rest-frame 20 cm power (P 20 cm) from 1.98 × 1020 to 1.29 × 1023 W Hz−1. For low-z Seyfert galaxies, P 20 cm correlates with M BH intrinsically and positively, yet only marginally with Eddington ratio L/L Edd. In terms of the log N–log S relation for the expanding Universe, the limiting flux density for the completeness of our LoTSS sources turns out to be 0.45 mJy at 1.4 GHz; i.e., complete to such a flux-density level that is 4 times deeper than the official FIRST catalog.

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Persistent mysteries of jet engines, formation, propagation, and particle acceleration: Have they been addressed experimentally?

Cited by 6 publications

References 232 publications

Relativistic Jet Motion in the Radio-quiet LINER Galaxy KISSR 872

Relativistic Jet Motion in the Radio-quiet LINER Galaxy KISSR 872

Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

A Uniformly Selected Sample of Low-mass Black Holes in Seyfert 1 Galaxies. III. Radio Sources from the SKA Pathfinders and Beyond

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