Persistent infection with Streptococcus equi and the epidemiology of strangles

Wood, Jln; Dunn, Karen; Chanter, N.; Brauwere, Nic de

doi:10.1136/vr.133.15.375-a

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The concept of determining antibody levels to FgBP and using it to detect persistent carriers in outbreaks of strangles has also previously been suggested [10][11][12][13][14]16 but, to the authors' knowledge, has never been scientifically evaluated. Furthermore, no other published studies of outbreaks of strangles have used an immunoassay to investigate the antibody titer of carrier animals.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical signs associated with S. equi infection include acute onset pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, lymphadenitis, cough, difficult breathing, and enlargement of submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes with subsequent rupture of abscesses. 9,16 A challenging aspect of disease control for S. equi infections is asymptomatic carriers that persistently shed the bacteria and act as sources of the bacteria for months to years, subsequently exposing susceptible animals. 2,7,11,16 The guttural pouches are a common site of persistence of the organism and can be visibly abnormal when examined via an endoscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,16 A challenging aspect of disease control for S. equi infections is asymptomatic carriers that persistently shed the bacteria and act as sources of the bacteria for months to years, subsequently exposing susceptible animals. 2,7,11,16 The guttural pouches are a common site of persistence of the organism and can be visibly abnormal when examined via an endoscopy. 7,14 The current recommendation for identification of persistent carriers is to perform culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasal swabs or lavages on a weekly basis for 3 weeks after clinicaldisease resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Correlation between Antibody Titers to Fibrinogen-Binding Protein of Streptococcus Equi and Persistent Carriers of Strangles

Davidson¹,

Traub‐Dargatz²,

Magnuson

et al. 2008

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Previously published studies have neither used nor reported the results of an indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) to measure serologic responses in natural outbreaks of strangles. The concept of using serologic responses to identify persistent carriers of Streptococcus equi has been proposed but not scientifically evaluated. The specific aims of the current study were to determine the duration and level of truncated fibrinogen-binding protein-specific (SeM allele 1) antibody production in ponies involved in a natural outbreak of strangles and to determine if test results from this serologic iELISA could predict persistent carrier status. Serologic samples were obtained before and after an outbreak of naturally occurring strangles infection. Persistent carriers of S. equi were identified via culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of lavage fluid collected from the guttural pouches and nasopharynx or swabs of the nasopharynx after recovery from acute disease and at postmortem examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if an association existed between serologic response and persistent carrier state. The ELISA reported in the current study definitively confirmed a recent exposure to S. equi. However, the measured serologic response did not predict carrier status in this strangles outbreak. Therefore, a gutturalpouch endoscopy with subsequent culture or PCR testing to detect S. equi remains the most accurate method available for the identification of persistent carriers.

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Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Correlation between Antibody Titers to Fibrinogen-Binding Protein of Streptococcus Equi and Persistent Carriers of Strangles

Davidson¹,

Traub‐Dargatz²,

Magnuson

et al. 2008

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…equi in the guttural pouches of horses with strangles infection (Wood et al, 1993;Fintl et al, 2000). Our study summarises the endoscopic findings in guttural pouches of healthy horses and deals with the cytological and microbiological examination of guttural pouch lavages obtained transendoscopically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological and bacteriological evaluation of transendoscopic guttural pouch lavages in clinically healthy horses

Dobešová

Bezděková

2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Thirty-eight guttural pouch lavages from 19 clinically healthy horses were collected transendoscopically. Cytological examination and bacteriological culture of the samples were carried out. All 38 lavages assessed for cytology contained less than five per cent neutrophils and could be termed as cytologically 'normal'. In none of the lavages did the neutrophil count vary between five and 25 per cent or exceed 25 per cent, which are the borderlines for being termed 'reactive' or 'pathological', respectively. Epithelial cells were the most commonly represented cell type in all lavages. Bacteriological culture was positive in 16 out of 38 lavages, but specific pathogenic bacteria were not cultivated in any of them, and only transient microflora was present. Although the relationship between the presence of specific bacteria, neutrophil count and total cell count could not be statistically evaluated due to the absence of 'reactive' and 'pathological' lavages, transendoscopic lavage appears to be a reliable method for obtaining a sample for bacteriological culture.

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“…Affected animals may harbor the bacteria for several months in, among other places, the guttoral pouches and, thus, shed and act as reservoirs of S. equi subsp. equi (17,25). Although S. equi subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

RecombinantStreptococcus equiProteins Protect Mice in Challenge Experiments and Induce Immune Response in Horses

et al. 2004

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Horses that have undergone infection caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (strangles) were found to have significantly increased serum antibody titers against three previously characterized proteins, FNZ (cell surface-bound fibronectin binding protein), SFS (secreted fibronectin binding protein), and EAG (␣ 2 -macroglobulin, albumin, and immunoglobulin G [IgG] binding protein) from S. equi. To assess the protective efficacy of vaccination with these three proteins, a mouse model of equine strangles was utilized. Parts of the three recombinant proteins were used to immunize mice, either subcutaneously or intranasally, prior to nasal challenge with S. equi subsp. equi. The adjuvant used was EtxB, a recombinant form of the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. It was shown that nasal colonization of S. equi subsp. equi and weight loss due to infection were significantly reduced after vaccination compared with a mock-vaccinated control group. This effect was more pronounced after intranasal vaccination than after subcutaneous vaccination; nearly complete eradication of nasal colonization was obtained after intranasal vaccination (P < 0.001). When the same antigens were administered both intranasally and subcutaneously to healthy horses, significant mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibody responses against FNZ and EAG were obtained. The antibody response was enhanced when EtxB was used as an adjuvant. No adverse effects of the antigens or EtxB were observed. Thus, FNZ and EAG in conjunction with EtxB are promising candidates for an efficacious and safe vaccine against strangles.

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Persistent infection with Streptococcus equi and the epidemiology of strangles

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Lack of Correlation between Antibody Titers to Fibrinogen-Binding Protein of Streptococcus Equi and Persistent Carriers of Strangles

Lack of Correlation between Antibody Titers to Fibrinogen-Binding Protein of Streptococcus Equi and Persistent Carriers of Strangles

Cytological and bacteriological evaluation of transendoscopic guttural pouch lavages in clinically healthy horses

RecombinantStreptococcus equiProteins Protect Mice in Challenge Experiments and Induce Immune Response in Horses

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