Persistent Infection of B Lymphocytes by Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Valarcher, J. F.; Bourhy, Hervé; Lavenu, A.; Bourgès‐Abella, Nathalie; Roth, Maurice; Andréoletti, Olivier; Avé, Patrick; Schelcher, F.

doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1083

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Several animal studies suggest that latent infection with RSV is possible. RSV proteins and genomic RNA have been detected in the lungs of experimentally infected guinea pigs 2 mo after infection and persistent infection of B lymphocytes by bovine RSV has also been demonstrated (27,28). More recently, Schwarze and colleagues have recovered low levels of infectious virus from the lungs of T-cell-depleted mice 150 d after the initial intranasal infection (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Falsey

Formica

Hennessey

et al. 2006

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

129

107

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Rationale: Recently, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA has been identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a high percentage of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These data raise the possibility of persistent low-grade infection in this population, which could have implications in COPD pathogenesis. Objectives: RSV persistence was investigated by testing respiratory secretions from subjects with COPD during illness and at regular intervals over 1 yr. Methods: Nasal and sputum samples from subjects with COPD were tested by one-tube nested RT-PCR for RSV every 2 mo and during respiratory illnesses for 1 yr. Subjects positive for RSV were evaluated weekly until negative in two consecutive samples. Nasal secretions and serum were tested for RSV antibody. A rise of fourfold or greater was defined as evidence of RSV infection. Results: A total of 112 patients were enrolled and the illnesses of 92 patients were evaluated. RSV was detected by RT-PCR in 6/92 (6.5%) illness nasal samples versus 0/685 routine nasal samples and in 5/69 (7.2%) illness sputum samples versus 3 /315 (0.9%) routine. Four additional RSV infections were identified by serum antibody responses. Of the RSV infections 86% were associated with serum or nasal antibody responses and 73% had symptoms of acute respiratory illness. Conclusions: Most RSV infections in patients with COPD are associated with symptomatic respiratory illnesses and measurable immune responses. Our data do not support the concept of RSV persistence in this population. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation; persistent infection; viral infectionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of disorders characterized by airflow obstruction that can be associated with breathing-related symptoms such as chronic cough, dyspnea, and wheezing (1). It is estimated that approximately 24 million adults in the United States have impaired lung function due to COPD. During 2000, COPD was responsible for 8 million physician office visits, 1.5 million emergency room visits, 726,000 hospitalizations, and 119,000 deaths. Recurrent acute exacerbations of COPD contribute substantially to the morbidity and mortality of this condition and may be due to infections with bacteria, viruses, or both (2-4). In studies of COPD exacerbation, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been identified with variable frequency ranging from 0.8 to 22% depending on the diagnostic methods used (5-16). Recently investigators from the United Kingdom and Germany identified RSV RNA by reverse In our laboratory, we have developed a sensitive and specific real-time, one-tube nested RT-PCR for the diagnosis of RSV in adults (19,20). Because the assay is performed without opening the reaction tube, PCR contamination has been markedly reduced while the sensitivity of a nested assay is retained. Therefore, we sought to explore the question of RSV persistence in patients with COPD by testing upper-and lower-respiratorytract secreti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Falsey

Formica

Hennessey

et al. 2006

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

129

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most of the mononuclear cell staining in this current study was morphologically consistent with macrophages, and given the intracytoplasmic viral inclusions, direct RSV infection of macrophages was most likely. Other mononuclear cells such as dendritic cells and lymphocytes cannot be excluded, as in vitro studies have shown capacity for RSV uptake [44,45]. As for neutrophil antigen accumulation, phagocytosis of sloughed infected cellular debris in airways probably allowed for much of the neutrophil staining, since there was a lack of distinct cytoplasmic inclusions, and the quick demise of the degenerate neutrophil following exocytosis into the airway lumen would prevent opportunity for adequate viral replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model

Meyerholz

Grubor

Fach

et al. 2004

Microbes and Infection

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. For the study of severe RSV disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. The novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine RSV (bRSV) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select RSV disease parameters. During RSV infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperatures and respiration rates with mild anorexia and cough compared to controls. Gross lesions included multifocal consolidation and atelectasis with foci of hyperinflation. Microscopic lesions included multifocal alveolar septal thickening and bronchiolitis. Immunohistochemistry localized the RSV antigen to all layers of bronchiolar epithelium from a few basal cells to numerous sloughing epithelia. A few mononuclear cells were also immunoreactive. To assess for age-dependent differences in RSV infection, neonatal lambs were infected similarly to the preterm lambs or with a high-titer viral inoculum. Using morphometry at day 7 of infection, preterm lambs had significantly more cellular immunoreactivity for RSV antigen (P <0.05) and syncytial cell formation (P <0.05) than either group of neonatal lambs. This work suggests that perinatal RSV clearance is age-dependent, which may explain the severity of RSV infection in preterm infants. The preterm lamb model is useful for assessing agedependent mechanisms of severe RSV infection. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. For the study of severe RSV disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. The novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine RSV (bRSV) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select RSV disease parameters. During RSV infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperatures and respiration rates with mild anorexia and cough compared to controls. Gross lesions included multifocal consolidation and atelectasis with foci of hyperinflation. Microscopic lesions included multifocal alveolar septal thickening and bronchiolitis. Immunohistochemistry localized the RSV antigen to all layers of bronchiolar epithelium from a few basal cells to numerous sloughing epithelia. A few mononuclear cells were also immunoreactive. To assess for age-dependent differences in RSV infection, neonatal lambs were infected similarly to the preterm lambs or with a high-titer viral inoculum. Using morphometry at day 7 of infection, preterm lambs had significantly more cellular immunoreactivity for RSV antigen (P <0.05) and syncytial cell formation (P <0.05) than either group of neonatal lambs. This work suggests that peri...

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“…BRSV is mainly transmitted by direct contact between infected animals or by aerosol [94] but it cannot be excluded that it might also be spread by humans acting as a passive vector as observed for HRSV [55]. Some data indicate that BRSV may persist in infected animals [39,140,151]. However attempts to demonstrate re-excretion of BRSV from previously infected animals by treatment with 3-methyl indol, BVDV, BHV1 or dexamethasone have failed [158] and transmission of virus from carriers to susceptible animals has not been proven.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Valarcher¹,

2007

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-Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) belongs to the pneumovirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae and is a major cause of respiratory disease in young calves. BRSV is enveloped and contains a negative sense, single-stranded RNA genome encoding 11 proteins. The virus replicates predominantly in ciliated respiratory epithelial cells but also in type II pneumocytes. It appears to cause little or no cytopathology in ciliated epithelial cell cultures in vitro, suggesting that much of the pathology is due to the host's response to virus infection. RSV infection induces an array of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that recruit neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes to the respiratory tract resulting in respiratory disease. Although the mechanisms responsible for induction of these chemokines and cytokines are unclear, studies on the closely related human (H)RSV suggest that activation of NF-κB via TLR4 and TLR3 signalling pathways is involved. An understanding of the mechanisms by which BRSV is able to establish infection and induce an inflammatory response has been facilitated by advances in reverse genetics, which have enabled manipulation of the virus genome. These studies have demonstrated an important role for the non-structural proteins in anti-interferon activity, a role for a virokinin, released during proteolytic cleavage of the fusion protein, in the inflammatory response and a role for the SH and the secreted form of the G protein in establishing pulmonary infection. Knowledge gained from these studies has also provided the opportunity to develop safe, stable, live attenuated virus vaccine candidates.

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Persistent Infection of B Lymphocytes by Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Cited by 60 publications

References 63 publications

Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

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