Persistent Infection by Wolbachia wAlbB Has No Effect on Composition of the Gut Microbiota in Adult Female Anopheles stephensi

Chen, Shicheng; Zhao, Jiangchao; Joshi, Deeksha; Xi, Zhiyong; Norman, Beth C.; Walker, Edward D.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01485

Cited by 31 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…aegypti , regardless of Wolbachia infection status. This low level of microbial diversity is consistent with previous studies of laboratory-reared mosquitoes profiled via both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods [23,27,37–39]. While the microbiome composition of mosquitoes is known to differ across environments [31], our detection of Flavobacteriaceae/Elizabethkingia and Enterobacteriaceae as a substantial component of the microbiome is in keeping with several other studies of laboratory-reared Aedes and Anopheles species [23,27,29,39,40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This low level of microbial diversity is consistent with previous studies of laboratory-reared mosquitoes profiled via both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods [23,27,37–39]. While the microbiome composition of mosquitoes is known to differ across environments [31], our detection of Flavobacteriaceae/Elizabethkingia and Enterobacteriaceae as a substantial component of the microbiome is in keeping with several other studies of laboratory-reared Aedes and Anopheles species [23,27,29,39,40]. Other genera detected in our study ( Pseudomonas , Serratia , Chryseobacterium , Leucobacter , Staphylococcus , Weeksella ) have also been reported in previous mosquito microbiome studies [23,38,41,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The microbiome composition of Aedes aegypti is not critical for Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of dengue virus

Audsley

McGraw

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundDengue virus (DENV) is primarily vectored by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and is estimated to cause 390 million human infections annually. A novel method for DENV control involves stable transinfection of Ae. aegypti with the common insect endosymbiont Wolbachia, which mediates an antiviral effect. However, the mechanism by which Wolbachia reduces the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to DENV is not fully understood. In this study we assessed the potential of resident microbiota, which can play important roles in insect physiology and immune responses, to affect Wolbachia-mediated DENV blocking.Methodology/FindingsThe microbiome of Ae. aegypti stably infected with Wolbachia strain wMel was compared to that of Ae. aegypti without Wolbachia, using 16s rDNA profiling. Our results indicate that although Wolbachia affected the relative abundance of several genera, the microbiome of both the Wolbachia-infected and uninfected mosquitoes was dominated by Elizabethkingia and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae. To assess the potential of the resident microbiota to affect the Wolbachia-mediated antiviral effect, we used antibiotic treatment before infection with DENV by blood-meal. In spite of a significant shift in the microbiome composition in response to the antibiotics, we detected no effect of antibiotic treatment on DENV infection rates, or on the DENV load of infected mosquitoes.Conclusions/SignificanceOur findings indicate that stable infection with Wolbachia strain wMel produces few effects on the microbiome of laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti. Moreover, our findings suggest that the microbiome can be significantly altered without affecting the fundamental DENV blocking phenotype in these mosquitoes. Since Ae. aegypti are likely to encounter diverse microbiota in the field, this is a particularly important result in the context of using Wolbachia as a method for DENV control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The microbiome composition of Aedes aegypti is not critical for Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of dengue virus

Audsley

McGraw

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to determine whether microbiota assemblage varied among mosquito developmental stages, different larval habitat types and sampling years (Chen et al., ). PERMANOVA tests (999 mutations) were performed using adonis functions in the vegan package in R 3.2.3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rarefaction curves were constructed to determine sample coverage. Based on the OTU picker data, richness estimators (Chao1) and diversity indices (Shannon) were calculated for each mosquito or water sample Chen et al, 2016)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial microbiota assemblage in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and its impacts on larval development

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

Molecular Ecology

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Interactions between bacterial microbiota and mosquitoes play an important role in mosquitoes' capacity to transmit pathogens. However, microbiota assemblages within mosquitoes and the impact of microbiota in environments on mosquito development and survival remain unclear. This study examined microbiota assemblages and the effects of aquatic environment microbiota on the larval development of the Aedes albopictus mosquito, an important dengue virus vector. Life table studies have found that reducing bacterial load in natural aquatic habitats through water filtering and treatment with antibiotics significantly reduced the larva-to-adult emergence rate. This finding was consistent in two types of larval habitats examined-discarded tires and flowerpots, suggesting that bacteria play a crucial role in larval development. Pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to determine the diversity of bacterial communities in larval habitats and the resulting numbers of mosquitoes under both laboratory and field conditions. The microbiota profiling identified common shared bacteria among samples from different years; further studies are needed to determine whether these bacteria represent a core microbiota. The highest microbiota diversity was found in aquatic habitats, followed by mosquito larvae, and the lowest in adult mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae ingested their bacterial microbiota and nutrients from aquatic habitats of high microbiota diversity. Taken together, the results support the observation that Ae. albopictus larvae are able to utilize diverse bacteria from aquatic habitats and that live bacteria from aquatic habitats play an important role in larval mosquito development and survival. These findings provide new insights into bacteria's role in mosquito larval ecology.

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“…600 ng iron per ul after a blood meal (18). The community structure of the microbiome in the mosquito gut varies temporally with episodes of blood and sugar feeding (3, 19). Our specific interest in E. anophelis focuses on understanding the survival mechanisms and physiological adaptations as it establishes and maintains infection in the mosquito gut, where environmental conditions such as iron flux are highly variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elizabethkingia anophelisresponse to iron stress: physiologic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses

Chen

Johnson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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28Elizabethkingia anophelis bacteria encounter fluxes of iron in the midgut of mosquitoes, 29where they live as symbionts. They also establish bacteremia with severe clinical 30 manifestations in humans, and live in water service lines in hospitals. In this study, we 31 investigated the global gene expression responses of E. anophelis to iron fluxes in the midgut 32 of female Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes fed sucrose or blood, and in iron-poor or iron-rich 33 culture conditions. Of 3,686 transcripts revealed by RNAseq technology, 218 were upregulated 34 while 112 were down-regulated under iron-poor conditions. Most of these differentially 35 expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in functional groups assigned within "biological 36 process," "cell component" and "molecular function" categories. E. anophelis possessed 4 37 iron/heme acquisition systems. Hemolysin gene expression was significantly repressed when 38 cells were grown under iron-rich or high temperature (37℃) conditions. Furthermore, 39 hemolysin gene expression was down-regulated after a blood meal, indicating that E. anophelis 40 cells responded to excess iron and its associated physiological stress by limiting iron loading. 41By contrast, genes encoding respiratory chain proteins were up-regulated under iron-rich 42 conditions, allowing these iron-containing proteins to chelate intracellular free iron. In vivo 43 studies showed that growth of E. anophelis cells increased 3-fold in blood-fed mosquitoes over 44 those in sucrose-fed ones. Deletion of aerobactin synthesis genes led to impaired cell growth 45 in both iron-rich and iron-poor media. Mutants showed more susceptibility to H 2 O 2 toxicity 46 and less biofilm formation than did wild-type cells. Mosquitoes with E. anophelis 47 experimentally colonized in their guts produced more eggs than did those treated with 48 erythromycin or left unmanipulated, as controls. Results reveal that E. anophelis bacteria 49 respond to varying iron concentration in the mosquito gut, harvest iron while fending off iron-50 associated stress, contribute to lysis of red blood cells, and positively influence mosquito host 51 fecundity. 52

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Persistent Infection by Wolbachia wAlbB Has No Effect on Composition of the Gut Microbiota in Adult Female Anopheles stephensi

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

The microbiome composition of Aedes aegypti is not critical for Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of dengue virus

The microbiome composition of Aedes aegypti is not critical for Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of dengue virus

Bacterial microbiota assemblage in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and its impacts on larval development

Elizabethkingia anophelisresponse to iron stress: physiologic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses

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