Persistent hypoglossal artery and its variants diagnosed by CT and MR angiography

Uchino, Akira; Saito, Naoko; Okada, Yoshitaka; Kozawa, Eito; Nishi, Naoko; Mizukoshi, Waka; Inoue, Kentaro; Nakajima, Reiko; Takahashi, Masahiro

doi:10.1007/s00234-012-1074-0

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In our case, all Brismer [ 6 ] diagnostic criteria were adhered to: the right VA was absent and the right ICA was hypoplastic. As demonstrated in large retrospective series [ 9 ], these findings suggest that the absence of the VA ipsilateral to PHA may result in the persistence of PHA. Left VA, as demonstrated by CD-US, showed retrograde flow due to proximal subclavian stenosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Uchino et al [ 9 ] in a recent review proposed a new classification, naming “type 1” the usual PHA arising from the cervical ICA, “type 2” the PHA arising from the ECA, and “PHA variant” when the postero-inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) arises from the carotid system without connection to the VA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PHA is usually an incidental finding but its diagnosis is extremely important because it is often the only vessel supplying blood to the basilar trunk and posterior circulation; moreover, it could be associated to glossopharyngeal neuralgia [ 10 ], hypoglossal palsy [ 11 ], intracranial aneurysms [ 12 ]. In particular, a relationship between PHA and intracranial aneurysms has been reported, up to 26-33% in different series [ 9 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rare case of persistent hypoglossal artery associated with contralateral proximal subclavian stenosis

et al. 2016

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AbstractThe persistent hypoglossal artery is rare vascular anomalies. We report the case of a 50-year old man with right hypoglossal artery, ipsilateral hypoplasic internal carotid artery, associated with left proximal subclavian stenosis with subclavian steal syndrome. Power-Doppler-Ultra-Sonography spectral images obtained after the patient exercised the left arm showed mid-systolic deceleration with retrograde late-systolic velocities. A Computed Tomography Angiography demonstrated a proximal stenosis of the left SA, a mild right ICA hypoplasia and an anomalous artery arising from right ICA at C2–C3 level, entering the cranium via the hypoglossal canal and joining the basilar artery. Usually the presence of PHA may be completely asymptomatic, and detected as an incidental finding by CTA or MRA, but in our case its diagnosis is extremely important because it is often the only vessel supplying blood to the basilar trunk and posterior circulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rare case of persistent hypoglossal artery associated with contralateral proximal subclavian stenosis

et al. 2016

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“…38,39) The PHA usually arises from the posterior side of the cervical ICA between the C1 and C3 levels and traverses the hypoglossal canal to form the vertebrobasilar artery. The diagnosis of PHA is made using the criteria revised by Brismar: (1) The PHA leaves the ICA as a large extracranial branch; (2) The PHA passes through hypoglossal canal; (3) The PHA gives rise to the trunk of the basilar artery.…”

Section: The Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery (Figs 7 and 8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid-vertebrobasilar Anastomoses with Reference to Their Segmental Property

Namba

2017

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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The primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are primitive embryonic cerebral vessels that temporarily provide arterial supply from the internal carotid artery to the longitudinal neural artery, the future vertebrobasilar artery in the hindbrain. Four types known are the trigeminal, otic, hypoglossal, and proatlantal intersegmental arteries. The arteries are accompanied by their corresponding nerves and resemble an intersegmental pattern. These vessels exist in the very early period of cerebral arterial development and rapidly involute within a week. Occasionally, persistence of the carotid to vertebrobasilar anastomosis is discovered in the adult period, and is considered as the vestige of the corresponding primitive embryonic vessel. The embryonic development and the segmental property of the primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are discussed. This is followed by a brief description of the persisting anastomoses in adults.

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“…1b, c and 2e, I believe that this patient has persistent hypoglossal artery instead of type I proatlantal artery. Because, this anastomotic artery between the internal carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar system runs apparently at higher level than the foramen magnum, probably the hypoglossal canal, indicative of persistent hypoglossal artery [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%