Persistent HPV infection in postmenopausal age women

Smith, Elaine; Johnson, Susan R.; Ritchie, Justine M.; Feddersen, D.; Wang, D.; Turek, Lubomír P.; Haugen, Thomas H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.07.013

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Almost no information is available on age at menopause and HPV infection (25). In our study, f20% of the women had already reached menopause, and among them, we could not detect a significant association between age at menopause and HPV positivity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reproductive Factors, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Human Papillomavirus Infection: Pooled Analysis of the IARC HPV Prevalence Surveys

Vaccarella

Herrero²,

Dai³

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High parity, early age at first full-term pregnancy (FTP), and long-term oral contraceptive (OC) use increase cervical cancer risk, but it is unclear whether these variables are also associated with increased risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the main cause of cervical cancer. Information on reproductive and menstrual characteristics and OC use were collected from 14 areas worldwide, among population-based, age-stratified random samples of women aged 15 years or older. HPV testing was done using PCR-based enzyme immunoassay. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of being HPV-positive according to reproductive and menstrual factors and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). When more than two groups were compared, floating CIs (FCI) were estimated. A total of 15,145 women (mean age, 40.9 years) were analyzed. Women with z5 FTPs (OR, 0.90; 95% FCI, 0.76-1.06) showed a similar risk of being HPV-positive compared with women with only one FTP (OR, 1.00; 95% FCI, 0.86-1.16). However, nulliparous women showed an OR of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.16-1.69) compared with parous women. Early age at first FTP was not significantly related to HPV positivity. HPV positivity was similar for women who reported z10 years of use of OCs (OR, 1.16; 95% FCI, 0.85-1.58) and never users of OCs (OR, 1.00; 95% FCI, 0.90-1.12). Our study suggests, therefore, that high parity, early age at first FTP, and long-term OC use are not associated with HPV prevalence, but rather these factors might be involved in the transition from HPV infection to neoplastic cervical lesions. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(11):2148 -53)

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Studies on the influence of OC use on HPV infection showed inconsistent results, with modest associations in both directions (10,12,13,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Very little is known on the relationship of age at menarche (10,17,23,24) or menopause (25) with HPV infection or cervical cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Factors, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Human Papillomavirus Infection: Pooled Analysis of the IARC HPV Prevalence Surveys

Vaccarella

Herrero²,

Dai³

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They concluded that postmenopausal women are infected with persistent oncogenic HPV at a substantial rate, supporting the need for continued screening in postmenopausal women to detect preneoplastic genital lesions. 2 On the contrary, postmenopausal women who take hormones combining estrogen and progestin have cellular abnormalities detected in the cervix more frequently than nonusers of hormone therapy do, but the risk of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer does not differ between users and nonusers, according to a report based on 6 years of data from the Women's Health Initiative. 3 Most studies on cervical cancer screening have focused on premenopausal women, with little information provided on the perimenopausal or postmenopausal (PMP) population.…”

Section: Menopause and Cervical Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause and Gynecological Malignancy

Ferdous¹,

Khatun²

2013

Journal of SAFOMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Menopause is a consequence of biological aging. Menopause does not cause cancer, but the risk of developing cancer increase as a woman ages. Treatment of cancer can also cause premature menopause. Among the gynecological cancer, cervical cancer tops the list of common cancer. Postmenopausal women are prone to have persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. There is no role of primary prevention of cervical cancer by vaccination in postmenopausal women. Secondary prevention by Paps smear only may provide false negative result as the cervix is often flushed with the vagina. So, scraping by Ayres spatula and using endometrial brush is necessary in these women. Unfortunately, symptoms of cervical cancer in postmenopausal women are nonspecific and associated with comorbidities. So, any symptom of cervical cancer in postmenopausal women should be properly evaluated. Ovarian cancer is the number one cancer of death among all gynecologic malignancies. Majority of the ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women present with vague symptom and have the advance stage at prevention. Currently, no reliable screening test is available. Yearly routine pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography and serum CA-125 can be performed in selective high-risk women only. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the USA. Most endometrial carcinomas are diagnosed at an early stage and have a good prognosis. Though vulvar and vaginal cancer are rare malignancies, yet these are prevalent in postmenopausal women. Any postmenopausal women with long-term intense itching, pervaginal discharge or any ulcer of vulva or vagina should be evaluated properly.

show abstract

“…HPV 58 and 52 replace HPV 31 and 45 in Asian populations at similar distribution frequencies. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix, on the other hand, while also High-risk HPV prevalence exists at all ages, with varying amounts of increase in the perimenopausal age groups [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] HPV human papilloma virus always associated with HPV infection, is attributed to a different distributional frequency of oncogenic types. HPV 16, 18, and 45 constitute nearly 90 % of all adenocarcinomas in all parts of the world [19].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hpv Type By Cervical Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) starting in early childhood for some. Infection prevalence peaks between 16 and 25 years of age, drops to a 10 % prevalence until the perimenopausal years, at which time there is an upsurge to near peak prevalences in many populations [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The concordance of HPV types between male and female partners is low, ranging from 2 to 35 % [21], significantly hindering any attempt to identify the transmission source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%