2009
DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283303e04
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Persistent HIV RNA shedding in semen despite effective antiretroviral therapy

Abstract: Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) may reduce HIV sexual transmission by lowering genital HIV levels. A prospective study of men starting ART (n = 25) demonstrated rapid, substantial reductions in semen HIV RNA. However, despite an undetectable blood viral load, isolated semen HIV shedding was detected at more than one visit in 12 of 25 (48%) participants, with semen HIV RNA levels exceeding 5000 copies/ml in four of 25 (16%). Isolates were drug-sensitive, and this phenomenon was not associated with semen … Show more

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Cited by 122 publications
(119 citation statements)
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“…35,36 Sexual transmission of HIV has been closely linked to viral load in the blood of the infected host, [37][38][39][40][41] which probably serves as a surrogate, albeit imperfect, for HIV concentration in the genital tract. 42,43 In addition to lowering plasma viral load to nearly undetectable levels, ART can decrease viral load in genital secretions, 44,45 although patients having a detectable semen HIV load may have no detectable virus in their blood plasma, highlighting the residual risk of HIV-1 transmission during unprotected intercourse. 46 Observational studies and recent modeling work have triggered considerable interest and concerns regarding the use of ART in HIV-infected individuals to prevent secondary transmission.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…35,36 Sexual transmission of HIV has been closely linked to viral load in the blood of the infected host, [37][38][39][40][41] which probably serves as a surrogate, albeit imperfect, for HIV concentration in the genital tract. 42,43 In addition to lowering plasma viral load to nearly undetectable levels, ART can decrease viral load in genital secretions, 44,45 although patients having a detectable semen HIV load may have no detectable virus in their blood plasma, highlighting the residual risk of HIV-1 transmission during unprotected intercourse. 46 Observational studies and recent modeling work have triggered considerable interest and concerns regarding the use of ART in HIV-infected individuals to prevent secondary transmission.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Phylogenetic studies have established that HIV in semen arises from local sources within the male genital tract and/or from passive diffusion via the blood [2][3][4] (previous references in Le Tortorec and Dejucq-Rainsford 5 ). The existence of productive sources in the male genital tract is further substantiated through observations of several differences between blood and semen, including i) detection of persistent infectious HIV in the semen of 5% to 30% of men with undetectable blood viral load receiving fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy [5][6][7][8][9] ; ii) higher viral load in semen in a subpopulation of treatment-naïve men 10 ; iii) different rates, kinetics of emergence, and diversity of drug-resistant strains 4,11,12 ; and iv) different ratio of infected versus noninfected leukocytes. 13 At present, the nature of the sources of HIV in the male genital tract remains unclear.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chez la majorité des patients, un traitement antirétroviral efficace -c'est-à-dire conduisant à une charge virale sanguine dite indétecta-ble, soit inférieure à 50 copies/ml -permet de réduire la charge virale dans le sperme à un niveau dit indétecta-ble (généralement inférieur à 200 copies/ml de sperme) [15]. Cependant, un nombre croissant d'études a mis en évidence la persistance du VIH (sous forme d'ARN viral et de cellules infectées) dans le sperme d'environ 5 à 10 % des patients sous ART efficace depuis au moins 6 mois, voire depuis plusieurs années [16,17] (réfé-rences antérieures dans [2]) (Tableau I). Les causes de cette persistance sont, à l'heure actuelle, inconnues.…”
Section: Le Tractus Génital Masculin : Un Réservoir Pour Le Vih ?unclassified
“…La présence de virus dans le sperme des hommes sous ART est intermittente et a été observée en l'absence d'infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) dont on sait qu'elles favorisent l'excrétion du VIH. Elle survient en dépit de bonnes concentrations des médicaments dans le sperme [16,17]. Toutefois, des concentrations efficaces de drogues antirétrovirales dans le liquide séminal ne préjugent pas de la concentration atteinte dans les organes producteurs de virus dans le sperme.…”
Section: Le Tractus Génital Masculin : Un Réservoir Pour Le Vih ?unclassified
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