Persistent genital arousal disorder – the present knowledge

Kapuśniak, Natalia; Piegza, Magdalena

doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/135253

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The aetiology of PGAD is not established. Several theories have been proposed 77 and some risk factors have been suggested, including hormonal influences, pudendal nerve neuropathy, and Tarlov cysts 48 . Research focused on psychological factors underlines the importance of anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive disorder in pathogenesis 78 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, post‐treatment sexual dysfunction and persistent genital arousal disorder: A systematic review

Tarchi,

Merola,

Baccaredda‐Boy

et al. 2023

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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PurposeAdverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sexual function have been an important area of research for many years. However, the duration of SSRI‐associated sexual adverse effects, and their possible persistence after treatment discontinuation, is still uncertain. The aims of the current systematic review were first to identify existing evidence of sexual dysfunction following SSRI discontinuation, and to provide an account of reported symptoms and proposed treatment options; and second, to establish whether current literature allows accurate estimates of the prevalence of such sexual dysfunction.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar; papers with clinical data regarding patients with persistent sexual dysfunction after SSRI treatment suspension were included.ResultsOverall, two retrospective interventional studies, six observational studies and 11 case reports were judged eligible for inclusion. It was not possible to determine reliable estimates of prevalence. Similarly, a cause‐effect relationship between SSRI exposure and persistent sexual impairment could not be ascertained. Nonetheless, the potential for continued sexual disturbances despite discontinuation could not be entirely ruled out.ConclusionsThere is a need to investigate a possible dose–response relationship between SSRI exposure and persistent sexual adverse effects. Treatment options for persistent dysfunctions remain limited, but novel therapeutic approaches may be required in order to address an otherwise neglected need for sexual well‐being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, post‐treatment sexual dysfunction and persistent genital arousal disorder: A systematic review

Tarchi,

Merola,

Baccaredda‐Boy

et al. 2023

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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“…It is a sexual disorder that can impact both genders. It may affect 1-4% of the total earth population of humans (Kapuśniak & Piegza, 2022). The primary origin of PGAD is unknown, although its etiology involves a complex interplay of blood vessels and neural, physiological, psychological, pharmacologic, dietary, and mechanical factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of persistent genital arousal disorder: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Singh,

Sapkale,

Sawal

2024

Multidiscip. Rev.

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A medical disease known as persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is the cause of chronic genital arousal. It usually has little to do with sexual desire and can be rather upsetting. The literature on PGAD, emphasizing symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, is reviewed in this study. PGAD is a condition about which there is still much to understand. However, research has linked it to OAB, restless leg syndrome, certain medications, and problems with the spinal cord. Diagnosis depends on the ability to distinguish between physically exhibited arousal and sexual desire, which is motivated by psychology. Current treatment options include education campaigns, counseling, medication, and potential spinal triggers. Other more invasive therapies have also been used, such as clitoridectomy and pudendal nerve ablation, but their success rates have varied.

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“…Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a relatively recently described sexual disorder and an under-recognized clinical entity, characterized by symptoms of spontaneous genital arousal, which persist in the absence of sexual desire and may affect women and men [ 1 ]. The prevalence of PGAD is estimated to range from 0.6% to 3% [ 2 ], and thus a significant number of people may be affected by PGAD worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They agreed that psychological factors, medical factors (e.g., pudendal neuropathy, cauda equina pathology), and pharmacological factors (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation) may all contribute to the development of PGAD/GPD [2]. There are no clinical trials examining the safety and effectiveness of treatment for PGAD/GPD, but the following therapies have been attempted: a biopsychosocial management model, including the application of anesthetizing agents to numb the area, pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness techniques, hypnotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, pelvic floor physical therapy, botulinum toxin injections, variceal embolization, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [1]. We present the case of a female patient with simultaneous bipolar depression and comorbid PGAD/GPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Brexpiprazole in a Patient With Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia: A Case Report

Hirose,

Oda,

Kobayashi

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Although the symptoms of persistent genital arousal disorder/genito-pelvic dysesthesia (PGAD/GPD) can have negative impacts on patients' lives, it is an under-recognized clinical entity. We describe the case of a 61-year-old Japanese female who suffered simultaneously from bipolar disorder and PGAD/GPD. She developed PGAD/GPD approx. 10 years after being diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Despite 20 years of various drug treatments, her bipolar disorder and PGAD/GPD symptoms showed little improvement. She had also undergone multiple sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness, nerve block, botulinum toxin injections, and laser treatment for PGAD/GPD. Her PGAD/GPD symptoms remained with no significant improvement, and her bipolar disorder symptoms had also not responded well to medication. With the administration of brexpiprazole, she achieved remission of her bipolar disorder. Her PGAD/GPD symptoms also eventually improved. When PGAD/GPD is comorbid with bipolar disorder, the improvement of bipolar disorder may also lead to relief of PGAD/GPD symptoms. This case reveals that brexpiprazole, which has a unique profile, may be effective for PGAD/GPD.

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Persistent genital arousal disorder – the present knowledge

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, post‐treatment sexual dysfunction and persistent genital arousal disorder: A systematic review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, post‐treatment sexual dysfunction and persistent genital arousal disorder: A systematic review

A review of persistent genital arousal disorder: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Effectiveness of Brexpiprazole in a Patient With Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia: A Case Report

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