Persistent deficits of visual recall in Kleine–Levin syndrome

Long-Term Cognitive Impairment in Kleine-Levin Syndrome

“…Our findings confirm and extend several previous abnormalities identified in isolated cases and small series assessed during asymptomatic periods. Impaired verbal and nonverbal memory, a low average of intellectual functioning, 8,15,35,36 and reduced digit span 35 were identified in individual patients. The capacity of verbal and non-verbal short-term memory was reduced in four patients, and this reduction persisted 13 y after the previous episode in one patient.…”

Kleine–Levin syndrome with brain atrophy

“…9 Although KLS is generally considered to have a benign trajectory, patients with personality alterations, cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychological deficits have been reported. 4 Recently, deficits of visual and verbal short-term memory during remission have been reported in four patients with KLS. 10,11 Patients with long-duration KLS have persistent hypoperfusion in various locations of the cerebral cortex.…”

“…1 The etiology and pathogenesis of KLS are still unknown, although intermittent thalamic dysfunction and autoimmune mediation are discussed. 4,5 Diagnosis of KLS is mainly based on the clinical presentation. However, misdiagnoses as other psychiatric disorders and/or diagnostic delays are very common, due to the variable symptoms of KLS.…”

Kleine-Levin syndrome: a review

“…The deficits in working memory that patients frequently exhibit during episodes can manifest as impairment in immediate and delayed verbal and visual recall 15. These deficits have been quantified in studies utilizing the Wechsler Memory Scale, on which Kleine-Levin patients typically perform poorly 35.…”