Persistent Behavior at High Rates Maintained by Intravenous Self-Administration of Nicotine

Goldberg,; Spealman, R D; Goldberg, D M

doi:10.1126/science.7291998

Cited by 317 publications

(211 citation statements)

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“…Cues-induced reinstatement of operant responding was more consistent across animals when an intermediate period of conditioned responding was introduced in between nicotine þ cues self-administration and extinction, suggesting that this intermediate testing period has consolidated the appetitive value of the cues. Environmental cues are particularly important for nicotine selfadministration acquisition (Goldberg et al, 1981;Caggiula et al, 2001). Adding cues to nicotine has been shown to increase the average number of infusions and the proportion of rats that acquired the self-administration (Caggiula et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, pretreatment with dopamine receptor antagonists prevented cue-induced cocaine-and ethanolseeking behavior (Pilla et al, 1999;Ciccocioppo et al, 2001;Liu and Weiss, 2002;Vorel et al, 2002). Although the importance of conditioned cues in the acquisition of nicotine self-administration has been demonstrated (Goldberg et al, 1981;Caggiula et al, 2001Caggiula et al, , 2002, the mechanisms underlying nicotine-seeking behavior induced by drug-associated stimuli have not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nicotine-Associated Cues Maintain Nicotine-Seeking Behavior in Rats Several Weeks after Nicotine Withdrawal: Reversal by the Cannabinoid (CB1) Receptor Antagonist, Rimonabant (SR141716)

Cohen

Perrault

Griebel

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

229

176

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Conditioned stimuli are important for nicotine dependence and may trigger craving and relapse after prolonged nicotine abstinence. However, little is known about the pharmacology of this process. Among the systems that have been shown to play a role in drugseeking behavior is the endocannabinoid transmission. Therefore, the present study examined the resistance to extinction of drugseeking behavior elicited by nicotine-associated environmental stimuli and the effects of the selective CB 1 cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) on the reinforcing effects of nicotine-related stimuli. Rats were trained to self-administer nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/ injection, i.v.) under conditions in which responding was reinforced jointly by response-contingent nicotine injections and stimuli (light and tone). After self-administration acquisition, nicotine was withdrawn and lever pressing was only reinforced by contingent presentation of the audiovisual stimuli. Under such a condition, responding persisted for 3 months, following which nonpresentation of the cues produced a progressive extinction of responding. As expected, rats trained to lever-press for saline injections paired with the audiovisual stimuli did not acquire the self-administration. These findings indicate that the cues required learned association with nicotine to acquire reinforcing properties and to function as conditioned reinforcers. When administered 1 month following nicotine withdrawal, rimonabant (1 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased conditioned behavior. These results showing the persistence of a nicotine-conditioned behavior are congruent with the role of nicotine-related environmental stimuli in nicotine craving in abstinent smokers. Rimonabant, which has been shown previously to reduce nicotine self-administration, may be effective not only as an aid for smoking cessation but also in the maintenance of abstinence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine-Associated Cues Maintain Nicotine-Seeking Behavior in Rats Several Weeks after Nicotine Withdrawal: Reversal by the Cannabinoid (CB1) Receptor Antagonist, Rimonabant (SR141716)

Cohen

Perrault

Griebel

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

229

176

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“…Drugs that are abused by humans are also typically self-administered by both human and nonhuman subjects under controlled laboratory conditions (Schuster and Thompson, 1969;Johanson and Balster, 1978;Griffiths, 1980;Goldberg et al, 1981;Fischman and Schuster, 1982;Goldberg and Henningfield, 1988;Foltin and Fischman, 1991;Preston and Jasinski, 1991). Reliable and persistent intravenous self-administration behavior has been demonstrated in laboratory animals for almost all drugs abused by humans, including psychostimulants, opiates, ethanol, and nicotine (Goldberg et al, 1981;Collins et al, 1984;Young and Herling, 1986;Yokel, 1987) and, more recently, THC (Tanda et al, 2000;Justinova et al, 2003).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Reinforcing Effects Of Thc And Other Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-administration of cannabinoids by experimental animals and human marijuana smokers

Justinová

Goldberg

Heishman

2005

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

115

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Drug self-administration behavior has been one of the most direct and productive approaches for studying the reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs, which are critical in determining their abuse potential. Cannabinoids, which are usually abused by humans in the form of marijuana, have become the most frequently abused illicit class of drugs in the United States. The early elucidation of the structure and stereochemistry of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in 1964, which is now recognized as the principal psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, activated cannabinoid research worldwide. This review examines advances in research on cannabinoid self-administration behavior by humans and laboratory animals. There have been numerous laboratory demonstrations of the reinforcing effects of cannabinoids in human subjects, but reliable self-administration of cannabinoids by laboratory animals has only recently been demonstrated. It has now been shown that strong and persistent self-administration behavior can be maintained in experimentally and drugnaïve squirrel monkeys by doses of THC comparable to those in marijuana smoke inhaled by humans. Furthermore, reinforcing effects of some synthetic CB 1 cannabinoid agonists have been recently reported using intravenous and intracerebroventricular self-administration procedures in rats and mice. These findings support previous conclusions that THC has a pronounced abuse liability comparable to other drugs of abuse under certain experimental conditions. Self-administration of THC by squirrel monkeys provides the most reliable animal model for human marijuana abuse available to date. This animal model now makes it possible to study the relative abuse liability of other natural and synthetic cannabinoids and to preclinically assess new therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of marijuana abuse in humans.

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“…However, the interaction between the pharmacological effects and the incentive properties of nicotine during the adolescent period has been largely neglected in basic research. In this view, an increasing interest emerged recently about the unique consequences of exposure to a potent psychoactive compound like nicotine during adolescence (see Kelley and Middaugh 1999;Trauth et al 1999).To study the voluntary consumption of abused drugs in laboratory settings, the most fruitful and reliable experimental paradigm is intravenous self-administration, where nicotine has been shown to serve as a reinforcer in a wide range of animal species (Goldberg et al 1981;Spealman and Goldberg 1982;Risner and Goldberg 1983; for a review, see Goldberg et al 1993;Rose and Corrigall 1997) including humans (Henningfield et al 1983(Henningfield et al , 1985. To the same purpose, oral selfadministration schedules can be used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the voluntary consumption of abused drugs in laboratory settings, the most fruitful and reliable experimental paradigm is intravenous self-administration, where nicotine has been shown to serve as a reinforcer in a wide range of animal species (Goldberg et al 1981;Spealman and Goldberg 1982;Risner and Goldberg 1983; for a review, see Goldberg et al 1993;Rose and Corrigall 1997) including humans (Henningfield et al 1983(Henningfield et al , 1985. To the same purpose, oral selfadministration schedules can be used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiar Vulnerability to Nicotine Oral Self-administration in Mice during Early Adolescence

Adriani

Macrı̀

Pacifici

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

194

142

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(10 mg/l). After a 6-day period, a fading study was carried out, in which nicotine concentration was reduced to 7 mg/l (days 7-9) and 5 mg/l (days 10-12), to assess whether animals would compensate by increasing their intake from the nicotine solution. In Experiment 2, psychopharmacological effects on locomotion induced by the nicotine solution (0, 10, 30 mg/l) Recent research has emphasized that adolescence is associated with patterns of temporary deviance (Arnett 1992) and the use of various kinds of psychoactive agents (Mathias 1996). Drug abuse in adolescents ranging from 11-12 to 17-18 years of age is likely to start with tobacco smoking, which can be followed by marijuana and/or 1991;Breslau et al. 1993;Nides et al. 1995;Kandel and Chen 2000). Despite the social and scientific importance of deepening our knowledge of this issue (see e.g. Colby et al. 2000), there have been very few investigations on the psychobiological factors contributing to the specific adolescence-related willingness to experience various psychoactive drugs (for a review, see Laviola et al. 1999;Spear 2000). For the purpose of laboratory studies, a suitable animal model of human adolescence is available in rodents. Namely, periadolescence is classically defined as the ontogenetic period that encompasses the week preceding the onset of puberty and the first few days thereafter (Spear and Brake 1983). Periadolescent rodents differ markedly from adults in their spontaneous behavioral repertoire (Cirulli et al. 1996;Terranova et al. 1993;Meaney and Stewart 1981;Panksepp 1981). In fact, elevated levels of novelty seeking and a reduced behavioral and hormonal response to stress (Adriani et al. 1998;Adriani and Laviola 2000) are exhibited by animals around this age. A characteristic hyporesponsivity to the effects of an acute administration of psychostimulants (Spear and Brake 1983;Laviola et al. 1995;Bolanos et al. 1998;Adriani and Laviola 2000), a peculiar pattern of behavioral sensitization following repeated drug exposure (Laviola et al. 1995(Laviola et al. , 2001Adriani et al. 1998), as well as a weak drug-induced place conditioning profile (Adriani et al. 1998;Bolanos et al. 1996Bolanos et al. , 1998 but see Campbell and Spear 2000), are also reported. Based on these findings, an increased vulnerability to the addictive properties of abused drugs has been suggested to be typical of adolescence in both humans and animals models (see Laviola et al. 1999).In the present study, we were interested in nicotine, which beside being the main psychoactive compound implied in tobacco smoking, also shares most of the characteristics of other addictive drugs (Corrigall et al. 1992(Corrigall et al. ,1994Pontieri et al. 1996;Merlo-Pich et al. 1997;Stolerman 1999). Nicotine's effects in mice have been shown to be highly dependent on the genetic background (see Marks et al. 1989;Robinson et al. 1996). However, the interaction between the pharmacological effects and the incentive properties of nicotine during the adolescent period has been largel...

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Persistent Behavior at High Rates Maintained by Intravenous Self-Administration of Nicotine

Cited by 317 publications

References 7 publications

Nicotine-Associated Cues Maintain Nicotine-Seeking Behavior in Rats Several Weeks after Nicotine Withdrawal: Reversal by the Cannabinoid (CB1) Receptor Antagonist, Rimonabant (SR141716)

Nicotine-Associated Cues Maintain Nicotine-Seeking Behavior in Rats Several Weeks after Nicotine Withdrawal: Reversal by the Cannabinoid (CB1) Receptor Antagonist, Rimonabant (SR141716)

Self-administration of cannabinoids by experimental animals and human marijuana smokers

Peculiar Vulnerability to Nicotine Oral Self-administration in Mice during Early Adolescence

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