Persistence of Zika virus in semen 93 days after the onset of symptoms

Oliveira-Souto, Inés; Alejo-Cancho, Izaskun; Gascón, Joaquim; Mestres, Aida Peiró; Gutierrez, José Muñoz; Yoldi, Miguel Julián Martínez

doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2017.11.015

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Genomic samples from patients in Guinea infected by Zaire ebolavirus in 2021 revealed a clear lower divergence, supporting the theory that viral persistence and reactivation can occur on timescales five years or longer to cause a fresh outbreak seven years after the first epidemic [43]. The Zika virus (ZIKV) can also persist in semen three months or longer after symptom onset [44], while its persistence in placental tissues can continue to infect and replicate in fetal brains for several months after initial maternal infection to cause potential long-term neurocognitive deficits after birth [45][46][47].…”

Section: Viral Persistence May Modulate Innate Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 73%

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Loh¹,

Reíter

2022

IJMS

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The relentless, protracted evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposes tremendous pressure on herd immunity and demands versatile adaptations by the human host genome to counter transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic alterations associated with a wide range of short- and long-term manifestations during acute infection and post-acute recovery, respectively. To promote viral replication during active infection and viral persistence, the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein regulates host cell microenvironment including pH and ion concentrations to maintain a high oxidative environment that supports template switching, causing extensive mitochondrial damage and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial distress induce dynamic changes to both the host and viral RNA m6A methylome, and can trigger the derepression of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1), resulting in global hypomethylation, epigenetic changes, and genomic instability. The timely application of melatonin during early infection enhances host innate antiviral immune responses by preventing the formation of “viral factories” by nucleocapsid liquid-liquid phase separation that effectively blockades viral genome transcription and packaging, the disassembly of stress granules, and the sequestration of DEAD-box RNA helicases, including DDX3X, vital to immune signaling. Melatonin prevents membrane depolarization and protects cristae morphology to suppress glycolysis via antioxidant-dependent and -independent mechanisms. By restraining the derepression of LINE1 via multifaceted strategies, and maintaining the balance in m6A RNA modifications, melatonin could be the quintessential ancient molecule that significantly influences the outcome of the constant struggle between virus and host to gain transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic dominance over the host genome during acute infection and PASC.

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Section: Viral Persistence May Modulate Innate Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 73%

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Loh¹,

Reíter

2022

IJMS

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“…The persistent shedding of ZIKV RNA in several of these fluids is greatly protracted compared to the blood. Several reports have described detectable ZIKV RNA in seminal plasma for months after symptom onset, raising significant concerns for sexual transmission and of a long-lived reservoir in the male genital tract (24–26). Persistence of ZIKV in placental tissues can provide a definitive diagnosis of recent maternal infection during pregnancy (27).…”

Section: Zikv Pathogenesis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus research models

Kublin

Whitney

2018

Virus Research

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The 2015 Brazilian Zika virus outbreak sparked a rapid response to control the spread of the virus. What was first understood to be a mild self-resolving infection is now linked to significant neurological defects in both neonates and adults. The WHO declared the 2016 Zika epidemic a public health emergency and issued an unprecedented recommendation to women in affected regions to delay pregnancy until the risks surrounding Zika virus could be understood, or the epidemic contained. Since that time, considerable effort has been dedicated to understanding Zika transmission and pathogenesis to aid the development of drugs and vaccines. Several models have emerged to study numerous facets of Zika biology; this review details the various model systems.

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“…Second, and perhaps of much greater relevance, is that the data must be interpreted in the context of the potential for sexual transmission of Zika virus . At this time, the potential for male‐to‐female sexual transmission is well documented, with presence of Zika virus RNA in semen reported for up to over 90 days after infection, and the rate of clearance has been reported to be variable . The mean duration during which semen is infectious is not yet known.…”

Section: Defining Those At Highest Risk For Complications From Transfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision making in the face of uncertainty: the challenge of emerging infectious diseases

Marks

Petersen

2017

Transfusion

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Persistence of Zika virus in semen 93 days after the onset of symptoms

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Zika virus research models

Decision making in the face of uncertainty: the challenge of emerging infectious diseases

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