Persistence of southern turfgrasses in a shade environment

Winstead, Chris; Ward, C. Y.

doi:10.2135/1974.proc2ndintlturfgrass.c30

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In high‐light and low‐light treatments, distinct species differences were observed with hybrid bermudagrasses maintaining higher chlorophyll content. Increased chlorophyll content and shift in chlorophyll a:b ratios have been widely reported in plants exposed to shade and has been proposed to improve light harvesting for photosynthetic reactions (Winstead & Ward, 1974; Wherley et al., 2005; Dai et al., 2009). Although depending on species and shade treatment chlorophyll content is not always a good indicator of shade performance (Van Huylenbroeck & Bockstaele, 2001; Wherley et al., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of rapid light curves to evaluate photosynthetic changes in turfgrasses exposed to low‐light conditions

Jespersen

Xiao

2021

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Shade is a widespread issue for turf areas that reduces turf quality, and the lack of light to drive photosynthetic processes is one major factor responsible for these declines. Maintaining a positive carbon balance is essential for plant survival under low-light conditions, but large-scale screening for photosynthetic performance can be a difficult task. Chlorophyll fluorescence rapid light curves (RLC) were used to understand difference in photosynthetic processes of hybrid bermudagrass 'Tifway' (Cynodon dactylon (L,) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) and Japanese lawngrass 'El Toro' (Zoysia japonica Steud.) to high-light (800 μmol m -2 s -1 ) and lowlight (200 μmol m -2 s -1 ) treatments in controlled environment studies. Measurement of maximum potential quantum yield (Fv/Fm) did not change over the course of the study but were significantly greater in El Toro. Tifway grown under high-light treatment had greater maximum photosynthesis, and dark respiration rates compared to El Toro. The RLCs demonstrated that compared to hybrid bermudagrass in the low-light treatment, Japanese lawngrass was more efficient at harvesting light at lower irradiance levels, but also reached saturation of light harvesting at lower irradiance levels. Differences in rapid light curves among plants grown under high-light or low-light treatments may be due to differences in photoacclimation. While rapid light curves should not be seen as a replacement for traditional light response curves based on CO 2 flux, they did provide valuable information about acclimation of photosynthetic systems and warrant further testing in real-world conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of rapid light curves to evaluate photosynthetic changes in turfgrasses exposed to low‐light conditions

Jespersen

Xiao

2021

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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“…Therefore, it seems plausible that light intensity should be sufficient even in heavy shade (less than 20% PPF) to enable screening for shade tolerance differences among various germplasm. Winstead and Ward (1974) used 70% shade for determining selection indicators when comparing shadeintolerant bermudagrass vs. shade-tolerant st. augustinegrass but found no suitable bioassay that was useful for shade tolerance screening. The light quality (red:far-red) altering effects of vegetative shade are not easily reproduced in controlled environment or greenhouse studies, but reductions in light intensity (PPF) alone can cause many of the photomorphogenic responses observed in shade (Wherley et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental Response of St. Augustinegrass Cultivars and Experimental Lines in Moderate and Heavy Shade

Wherley¹,

Chandra²,

Genovesi³

et al. 2013

horts

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St. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is considered to be one of the most shade-tolerant warm-season turfgrasses, yet information is lacking on intraspecies developmental responses and performance in shade. This greenhouse study was conducted to 1) compare quality, development, and physiological responses of 10 commercial and experimental lines of st. augustinegrass in moderate and heavy [32% and 15% photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), respectively] shade environments’ and 2) evaluate physiological and morphological indicators that could be used in rapid screening for shade tolerance among st. augustinegrass progeny from a segregating population. A range of shade tolerance was observed between the entries, as noted by quality and percent green cover after 10 weeks of imposed shade conditions. In moderate shade, most entries maintained acceptable (6 or greater) quality and greater than 50% green cover. However, in heavy shade, only ‘Captiva’, ‘Amerishade’, and ‘PI 600734’ maintained acceptable quality, with only PI 600734 and Captiva maintaining greater than 50% cover. ‘TAES 5732-6’, an embryo rescue-derived hybrid from ‘Floratam’, exhibited the least shade tolerance of the group in both shade environments. Neither chlorophyll content nor total nonstructural carbohydrates related well to observed shade quality differences between the entries. A strong correlation existed between shoot elongation rate of a cultivar and its corresponding final percent green cover in moderate shade (R2 = 0.66) but not in heavy shade (R2 = 0.19), suggesting that moderate shade may be the better environment for discriminating genetic differences among st. augustinegrass germplasm for shade tolerance.

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“…Leaf width has been reported to decrease in turfgrass grown under shade (Wilkinson and Beard, 1974;Winstead and Ward, 1974), which may be the result of cell elongation Table 4. Leaf width for zoysiagrass genotypes under tree shade that resulted in a 91% reduction in PAR at Manhattan, KS in 2010, and 2012.…”

Section: Genotype Z -------------------------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Responses of Zoysia spp. under Tree Shade in the Midwestern United States

Peterson¹,

Fry²,

Bremer³

2014

horts

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‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steudel) is commonly planted on home lawns and golf courses in the transition zone; however, poor shade tolerance limits its widespread use. This study was conducted to determine changes and differences in growth among selected Zoysia cultivars and progeny under a natural shade environment over a 3-year period in the transition zone. The study was initiated in June 2010 at the Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research Center in Manhattan, KS. Soil type was a Chase silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Aquic, Argiudoll). Zoysia genotypes were sodded in 0.37-m2 plots and arranged in a randomized complete block with five replications under silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) shade that resulted in a 91% reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Genotypes included ‘Zorro’ [Z. matrella (L.) Merrill], ‘Emerald’ [Z. japonica × Z. pacifica (Goudswaard) Hotta & Kuroki], ‘Meyer’, Chinese Common (Z. japonica), and experimental progeny Exp1 (Z. matrella × Z. japonica), and Exp2 and Exp3 [(Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) × Z. japonica]. ‘Zorro’ and ‘Emerald’ experienced winter injury, which negatively affected their performance. Tiller numbers decreased 47% in ‘Meyer’ from June 2010 to June 2012, but declines in [(Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) × Z. japonica] progeny were only 1% for Exp2 and 27% for Exp3, and both Exp2 and Exp3 maintained high percent green cover throughout the study. In general, by the third year of evaluation, progeny of [(Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) × Z. japonica] had higher quality ratings and higher tiller numbers than ‘Meyer’ and may provide more shade-tolerant cultivar choices for transition zone turf managers.

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Persistence of southern turfgrasses in a shade environment

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Use of rapid light curves to evaluate photosynthetic changes in turfgrasses exposed to low‐light conditions

Use of rapid light curves to evaluate photosynthetic changes in turfgrasses exposed to low‐light conditions

Developmental Response of St. Augustinegrass Cultivars and Experimental Lines in Moderate and Heavy Shade

Growth Responses of Zoysia spp. under Tree Shade in the Midwestern United States

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