Persistence of solid fuel use despite increases in LPG ownership: New survey evidence from rural north India

Gupta, Aashish; Vyas, Sangita; Hathi, Payal; Khalid, Nazar; Srivastav, Nikhil; Spears, Dean; Coffey, Diane

doi:10.31235/osf.io/yv2es

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…hinted heterogeneous results from their study areas, but mentioned that more people are switching to latrine use. [936] Roy and Pramanick while assessing the progress of sanitation in India have analyzed the interrelationships between SDG 6, SDG 3, and SDG 1. [37] Their study concluded with a positive impact of increasing per capita gross domestic product (GDP) on improving sanitation-related indicators, which in turn positively influence to reduce water and sanitation-related diseases, especially in children and aged population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact assessment of India's Swachh Bharat Mission – Clean India Campaign on acute diarrheal disease outbreaks: Yes, there is a positive change

Dandabathula

Bhardwaj

Burra

et al. 2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: Enough evidence exists to attribute the occurrence of diarrheal disease outbreaks due to open defecation practice and unsafe sanitation methods. Open defecation enables pathogens such as virus, bacteria, and protozoa to infect humans by means of fecal–oral transmission methods through contaminated fluids, water, and fomites. To curb the malefic effects of open defecation, the Indian government had initiated pro sanitation program namely Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014. SBM became the world's largest toilet-building initiative. More than 95 million toilets have been built across rural and urban India since the launch of this mission. This articulation summarizes the trend analysis of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) outbreaks over a 9-year period with emphasis on changes due to the building of toilets under the clean India campaign. Methods: Weekly ADD outbreaks data from national-level Integrated Disease Surveillance Program between 2010 and 2018 were used for trend analysis along with the number of toilets constructed in rural areas under SBM from the year 2014. Results: ADD outbreaks were analyzed from 2010 to 2018. The number of ADD outbreaks per year during the past 2 years (i.e., 2017 and 2018) of SBM regime was lesser than in any year during the investigation period. Seasonal variations during the months of May, June, July, and August account for 55%–60% of ADD outbreaks in any of the years; but for 2018, the total outbreaks were 46%, which is significantly lower than that of regular range of outbreaks in the peak season. Conclusion: The recent pattern of ADD outbreaks exhibits a declining rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact assessment of India's Swachh Bharat Mission – Clean India Campaign on acute diarrheal disease outbreaks: Yes, there is a positive change

Dandabathula

Bhardwaj

Burra

et al. 2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…But the only viable public health strategy for reducing lung obstruction is prevention through the adoption of cleaner fuels. Existing government programs in India to promote cleaner fuels are means-tested, provide modest capital subsidies, involve significant private investments, do not have components for encouraging behavior change, and focus on private harms to women from cooking with solid fuels (Sethi and Deep, 2018;Gupta et al, 2019). There is a case for greater investments in efforts to communicate the private and neighborhood harms of solid fuel use and encouraging households to switch to cleaner fuels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From an environmental health perspective, there is an urgent need for research that integrates social determinants, environmental exposures, measures of pollution, and respiratory health outcomes. Existing evidence points that women's lower status impedes the adoption of cleaner fuels (Kishore and Spears, 2014;Austin and Mejia, 2017;Gupta et al, 2019). Researching the role of gender in the persistence of solid fuel use in India, and investigating approaches that address this social determinant of adoption of cleaner fuels are an important research concern as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, women who live in households that use solid fuels have high exposure to direct smoke while cooking (Parikh et al, 1999). More than 67.2% of Indian households used solid fuels for cooking (Government of India, 2011a;Gupta et al, 2019), and about one-third of the world's population which relies on solid fuels was estimated to live in India (Bonjour et al, 2013). Finally, in 2016, India was estimated to be home to one-third of all deaths from chronic respiratory conditions (GBD Causes of Death Collaborators, 2017), and almost half of Indian adults had COPD (World Health Organisation, 2013) by the GOLD (2016) criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Where there is smoke: solid fuel externalities, gender, and adult respiratory health in India

Gupta

2019

Popul Environ

Self Cite

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Chronic respiratory conditions are a leading cause of death in the world. Using data on lung obstruction from the WHO Survey of Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE 2007-08), this paper studies the determinants of respiratory health in India, home to a third of all deaths from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. First, we find that smokers and members of households that use solid fuels (wood, biomass, coal or dung) for cooking have higher lung obstruction. Second, even if a respondent's household uses clean fuels, their lung obstruction is higher if their neighbors use solid fuels. In neighborhoods with high solid fuel use, the lungs of members of households that use clean fuels can be as obstructed as lungs of members of households that use solid fuels. These negative externalities of solid fuel use are robust to additional controls for neighborhood socioeconomic status, falsification tests, tests with placebo measures, and tests using alternative measures of respiratory health as outcomes. Third, the influence of the determinants is patterned by gender. Smoking tobacco is an important influence on lung obstruction among men. Confirming non-linear dose-response relationships, we find that women from households that use solid fuels are the only group not further harmed by neighborhood solid fuel smoke, possibly because of high exposure to pollutants while cooking. The study improves our understanding of behavioral, social, and environmental determinants of respiratory health in India. Importantly, it makes a case for greater public investments to promote the adoption and use of cleaner fuels.

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“…The success of this mission, as the world's largest sanitation campaign has prompted it to be replicated in other countries, for example the Clean Nigeria Campaign (GoN 2019). However, the plans of SBM did not go beyond the latrine, leaving the rest of sanitation service chain unattended and the sustainability of the outcomes in significant uncertainty (Kumar 2017;Gupta et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clean plan: analysing sanitation planning in India using the CWIS planning framework

Narayan

Maurer

Lüthi

2021

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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Sanitation in India has received national attention for over a decade, especially with the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) making it a political priority. However, due to the lack of appropriate sanitation planning practices, there have been little long-term gains made in urban sanitation beyond the ending of open defaecation. In this paper, we analyse the key barriers to sanitation planning, in India, in the context of the emerging paradigm of Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS). A mixed method approach of shit flow diagrams, social network analysis, policy analysis, interviews and workshops at the national, state (2) and city (4) levels was conducted. Eight factors were identified as important barriers for planning including inadequate planning capacities, lack of ownership of city sanitation plans among city governments, poor community involvement, absence of a uniform planning framework, unreliable political and financial support, overlapping jurisdictions, and scheme-based funding. The paper also proposes the CWIS Planning Framework which offers a perspective at overcoming these barriers with the recommendation of bridging top-down and bottom-up planning approaches. While there is increasingly more clarity on what CWIS means, there is little understanding on how to plan for it. Therefore, this framework provides the theoretical basis for planning with the CWIS approach.

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Persistence of solid fuel use despite increases in LPG ownership: New survey evidence from rural north India

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Impact assessment of India's Swachh Bharat Mission – Clean India Campaign on acute diarrheal disease outbreaks: Yes, there is a positive change

Impact assessment of India's Swachh Bharat Mission – Clean India Campaign on acute diarrheal disease outbreaks: Yes, there is a positive change

Where there is smoke: solid fuel externalities, gender, and adult respiratory health in India

The clean plan: analysing sanitation planning in India using the CWIS planning framework

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