Background
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves mitral regurgitation (MR) in a subset of patients. We hypothesized that biomarkers (amino-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], high-sensitivity troponin [hsTnI], galectin-3 [gal-3] and soluble ST-2 [sST2]) may predict MR response post-CRT.
Methods
We measured levels of biomarkers during CRT implantation in 132 patients with subsequent 2 years follow-up. MR was graded as no-trace, mild, moderate or severe at baseline and 6 months.
Results
In patients with baseline at least mild MR, 56% had improvement at 6 months, with lower two-year mortality vs patients without improvement (0% vs 18%, p=0.002). At baseline, patients with MR improvement had lower hsTnI and gal-3 levels compared to those without improvement (19 vs 40 pg/L, p=0.01; 14 vs 18 ng/mL, p=0.007). In multivariable analyses, higher log-transformed gal-3 (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04 - 0.65, p=0.01) remained independent predictor for MR non-improvement. Levels of NT-proBNP and sST2 were lower at follow-up in patients with MR improvement (potentially reflecting reduced myocardial stretch and stress) without reaching statistical significance.
Conclusion
Higher galectin levels at the time of CRT implantation are associated with MR non-response.