Persistence of observed air temperatures in Iceland

Degenhardt, Lisa; Ólafsson, Haraldur

doi:10.1002/joc.5875

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The two temperatures were selected to approximate conditions of the larval habitats, and air temperatures that adults could be exposed to after emergence. Air temperatures during the summer in southern Iceland range from approximately 6°C (World Weather Information Service 2020) to more than 10°C (Degenhardt and Ólafsson 2019). Thus, our 6°C treatment simulated coolest summer air temperatures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Longevities of Adult Chironomidae (Diptera) from Two Streams in Iceland

et al. 2021

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Mean annual air temperatures are predicted to increase by several degrees in the Arctic. This increase in temperature will likely impact organisms adapted to current conditions. Studies of longevities of winter-active Chironomidae from cold, groundwater-fed streams in Minnesota demonstrate that winter-emerging species are long-lived as adults when incubated at cold or sub-freezing air temperatures post emergence. It is unknown if this holds for species emerging in sub-arctic latitudes during warm months, or if warm air temperatures affect the adults of species emerging from cold and geothermally heated streams. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to air temperatures predicted by climate change models on the longevities of Chironomidae emerging from both cold and geothermally heated larval environments. Chironomidae were trapped at emergence from two groundwater-fed streams with contrasting (warm and cold) thermal regimes at the Hengladalir valleys in the Hengill alpine geothermal area in southwestern Iceland over 4 days in July 2018. Adults (N=102) were randomly divided into two treatments and incubated at either 20°C or 6°C for 28-32 days to determine influence of source stream and incubation temperature on adult longevity. These temperatures were selected to simulate current and predicted water and air temperatures that adult chironomids are likely to be exposed to with climate change. Adults incubated at 6°C survived longer than adults incubated at 20°C irrespective of source stream. All adults incubated at 20°C died within 1-5 days post-emergence. Longevities of taxa incubated at 6°C ranged from 13 to more than 32 days. Species of Diamesa exhibited the greatest longevities, with 41.7% surviving more than 28-32 days post-emergence at 6°C. We were unable to determine maximum longevity for Diamesa within the 6°C treatment because surviving adults had to be sacrificed at the termination of the experiment on day 32. However, the minimum longevity we report is similar to longevities determined for other Diamesa species and indicates that Diamesa species in Iceland are also long-lived under cold air temperatures. We suggest there may be a difference in longevity between sex, with females living longer than males at cold temperatures. By contrast, we found that both sexes of Diamesa and all other chironomid taxa that we tested are susceptible to warm air temperatures regardless of stream of origin. Therefore, warming climatic temperatures could potentially lead to shortened adult lifespans for these sub-arctic taxa.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Longevities of Adult Chironomidae (Diptera) from Two Streams in Iceland

et al. 2021

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“…Weatherhead et al (2010) characterised daily temperature stationarity in the Arctic based on lag-1 autocorrelation. Degenhardt and Ólafsson (2019) and Kolstad et al (2015) calculated lag-1 autocorrelation to highlight intra-seasonal stationarity of monthly-mean temperatures in Iceland and Europe, respectively, and Li and Thompson (2021) applied autocorrelation to daily temperature series and found it was strongly related to the average length of warm and cold episodes across the world. Kolstad et al (2017) even used autocorrelation analysis in a causal discovery framework by regressing temperature values against previous ones and including potential covariates.…”

Section: Autocorrelationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather persistence on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales: a methodological review

Tuel

Martius

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Persistence is an important concept in meteorology. It refers to surface weather or the atmospheric circulation either remaining in approximately the same state (stationarity) or repeatedly occupying the same state (recurrence) over some prolonged period of time. Persistence can be found at many different timescales; however, the sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescale is especially relevant in terms of impacts and atmospheric predictability. For these reasons, S2S persistence has been attracting increasing attention by the scientific community. The dynamics responsible for persistence and their potential evolution under climate change are a notable focus of active research. However, one important challenge facing the community is how to define persistence, from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective. Despite a general agreement on the concept, many different definitions and perspectives have been proposed over the years, among which it is not always easy to find one’s way. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss existing concepts of weather persistence, associated methodologies and physical interpretations. In particular, we call attention to the fact that persistence can be defined as a global or as a local property of a system, with important implications in terms of methods but also impacts. We also highlight the importance of timescale and similarity metric selection, and illustrate some of the concepts using the example of summertime atmospheric circulation over Western Europe.

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“…Weatherhead et al ( 2010) characterized daily temperature quasi-stationarity in the Arctic based on lag-1 autocorrelation. Degenhardt and Ólafsson (2019) and Kolstad et al (2015) calculated lag-1 autocorrelation to highlight intra-seasonal quasi-stationarity of monthly mean temperatures in Iceland and Europe, respectively, and Li and Thompson (2021) applied autocorrelation to daily temperature series and found it was strongly related to the average length of warm and cold episodes across the world. Kolstad et al (2017) even used autocorrelation analysis in a causal discovery framework by regressing temperature values against previous ones and including potential covariates.…”

Section: Autocorrelationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather persistence on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales: a methodological review

Tuel,

Martius

2023

Earth Syst. Dynam.

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Abstract. Persistence is an important concept in meteorology. It refers to surface weather or the atmospheric circulation either remaining in approximately the same state (quasi-stationarity) or repeatedly occupying the same state (recurrence) over some prolonged period of time. Persistence can be found at many different timescales; however, sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales are especially relevant in terms of impacts and atmospheric predictability. For these reasons, S2S persistence has been attracting increasing attention from the scientific community. The dynamics responsible for persistence and their potential evolution under climate change are a notable focus of active research. However, one important challenge facing the community is how to define persistence from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective. Despite a general agreement on the concept, many different definitions and perspectives have been proposed over the years, among which it is not always easy to find one's way. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss existing concepts of weather persistence, associated methodologies and physical interpretations. In particular, we call attention to the fact that persistence can be defined as a global or as a local property of a system, with important implications in terms of methods and impacts. We also highlight the importance of timescale and similarity metric selection and illustrate some of the concepts using the example of summertime atmospheric circulation over western Europe.

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Persistence of observed air temperatures in Iceland

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Longevities of Adult Chironomidae (Diptera) from Two Streams in Iceland

Longevities of Adult Chironomidae (Diptera) from Two Streams in Iceland

Weather persistence on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales: a methodological review

Weather persistence on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales: a methodological review

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