Persistence of livestock-associated antibiotic-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>among industrial hog operation workers in North Carolina over 14 days

Nadimpalli, Maya; Rinsky, Jessica L.; Wing, Steve; Hall, Devon; Stewart, J R; Larsen, Jesper; Nachman, Keeve E.; Love, Dave C.; Pierce, Elizabeth; Pisanic, Nora; Strelitz, Jean; Harduar‐Morano, Laurel; Heaney, Christopher D.

doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102095

Cited by 55 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Other comparative-genomics studies of S. aureus CC398 also indicated that the best genetic markers of human-associated CC398 were IEC genes (scn and chp), while the best genetic marker of the livestock-associated CC398 was tet(M) (43,44). In addition, a study of industrial hog operation workers in the United States reported that 82% of livestock-associated S. aureus isolates demonstrated resistance to tetracycline and that livestock-associated CC398 was not detected among scn-positive isolates (45). These findings highlight the need for further whole-genome analysis and comparative-genomics analysis to better identify genetic markers of livestock-to-human transmission of S. aureus CC9, which has been referred to as the most pandemic livestock-associated clone in Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies reported a low incidence of the IEC genes in cattle isolates of S. aureus (40,41). Recent work has demonstrated that absence of the scn gene may aid in the differentiation of the animal origin of S. aureus carried by humans exposed to livestock (42)(43)(44)(45). Recent comparative-genomics studies of human versus animal isolates have revealed that animal-related isolates are significantly less likely to possess the IEC genes (chp, scn, and sak) carried on ␤-hemolysin-converting bacteriophages (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans

Wang

Fan

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Use of antimicrobials in industrial food animal production is associated with the presence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among animals and humans. The livestock-associated (LA) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clonal complex 9 (CC9) is associated with animals and related workers in Asia. This study aimed to explore the genotypic and phenotypic markers of LA-MRSA CC9 in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional study of livestock workers and controls in Guangdong, China. The study participants responded to a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab for S. aureus analysis. The resulting isolates were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility, multilocus sequence type, and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections, causing diseases ranging from minor skin infections to severe septicemia and pneumonia, and is of particular concern because few antibiotics are effective at treating infections caused by the pathogen. The epidemiology of MRSA has changed with the increasing emergence of community-associated MRSA (1, 2). Recently, another MRSA clone emerged in the community, which was observed in livestock and related workers and was referred to as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) (3). Livestock, especially pigs, can serve as reservoirs for LA-MRSA, and the bacteria can also be transmitted to humans in close contact with MRSAcolonized animals (4, 5).LA-MRSA isolates have unique molecular characteristics that distinguish them from community-associated MRSA and health care-associated MRSA, and these characteristics vary according to the geographic area. Sequence type 398 (ST398) has been referred to as the most pandemic LA-MRSA in Europe and North America, while ST9 is the most prevalent LA-MRSA in most Asian countries (3). However, persons living in areas of high livestock density were also found to have a greater risk of LA-MRSA carriage even if they lacked direct contact with livestock (6, 7). Thus, the possibility of direct and indirect livestock contact as a potential source of human MRSA infection has become a growing public health concern.Few reports have described the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of LA-MRSA in developing countries in Asia. In China, MRSA has been isolated from pigs and pig workers (8, 9). However, there is still very limited information on LA-MRSA infection among healthy people. In addition, few studies examining human MRSA carriage have attempted to differentiate humanfrom livestock-associated isolates based on genotypic and phenotypic markers. The goals of this study, therefore, were to determine the prevalence of MRSA (including LA-MRSA) in livestock workers and control workers in Guangdong, as well as to use the multifactor dimensionality reduction method to detect the genotypic and phenotypic markers for LA-MRSA. MATERIALS AND METHODSEthics statement. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Universit...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans

Wang

Fan

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Strains of S. aureus with genetic and phenotypic markers of livestock adaptation have been identified in many countries, including France (Armand-Lefevre et al, 2005), the Netherlands (Huijsdens et al, 2006;Van den Broek et al, 2009), Belgium (Denis et al, 2009), Canada (Khanna et al, 2008), and the United States (Nadimpalli et al, 2014;Rinsky et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2009). These livestock-associated strains of S. aureus have also emerged in the community in areas with a high density of pig farming (Van Cleef et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surface waters near industrial hog operation spray fields

Hatcher

Myers

Heaney

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Industrial hog operations (IHOs) have been identified as a source of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, few studies have investigated the presence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in the environment near IHOs, specifically surface waters proximal to spray fields where IHO liquid lagoon waste is sprayed. Surface water samples (n=179) were collected over the course of approximately one year from nine locations in southeastern North Carolina and analyzed for the presence of presumptive MRSA using CHROMagar MRSA media. Culture-based, biochemical, and molecular tests, as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were used to confirm that isolates that grew on CHROMagar MRSA media were S. aureus. Confirmed S. aureus isolates were then tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics and screened for molecular markers of MRSA (mecA, mecC) and livestock adaptation (absence of scn). A total of 12 confirmed MRSA were detected in 9 distinct water samples. Nine of 12 MRSA isolates were also multidrug-resistant (MDRSA [i.e., resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes]). All MRSA were scn-positive and most (11/12) belonged to a staphylococcal protein A (spa) type t008, which is commonly associated with humans. Additionally, 12 confirmed S. aureus that were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) were recovered, 7 of which belonged to spa type t021 and were scn-negative (a marker of livestock-adaptation). This study demonstrated the presence of MSSA, MRSA, and MDRSA in surface waters adjacent to IHO lagoon waste spray fields in southeastern North Carolina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of waterborne S. aureus from surface waters proximal to IHOs.

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“…Although ST398 is identified commonly in pigs and farming environments in North America [73,[92][93][94][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133], there appears to be a greater diversity of molecular types found on North American farms compared with those in Europe, where ST398 remains the dominant or sole strain of MRSA identified. One study in Michigan found no ST398 present in the pigs sampled [134], whereas the bulk of studies have found a mix of Bhuman^types (such as ST8 and ST5) in conjunction with ST398.…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Butaye

Argudín

Smith

2016

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

116

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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a relatively recent phenomenon in veterinary medicine. Although in the beginning it was restricted to a single clonal complex (CC), CC398, it has expanded into several clonal complexes, and the diversity of subtypes in the clonal complexes is increasing also. The prevalence of each type is determined somewhat geographically; for instance, the most prevalent clonal complex in Europe is CC398, whereas in Asia, it is CC9. Although few data exist regarding North America, the situation appears to be mixed there. The SCCmec cassettes detected in LA-MRSA are limited mainly to SCCmec IVa and SCCmec V, although non-typeable cassettes and SCCmec type XI, containing mecC, also have been found.The source of the SCCmec in LA-MRSA was discovered to be animals. In searching from which bacteria the SCCmec cassettes in LA-MRSA have been transferred, the most obvious species to consider are the methicillin-resistant non-S. aureus staphylococci (MRNaS). However, very few data are available from those species in animals, and the data that do exist are not detailed enough to determine the origin. Nevertheless, similar cassettes were found in MRNaS, indicating a possible origin that needs to be investigated further.

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Persistence of livestock-associated antibiotic-resistantStaphylococcus aureusamong industrial hog operation workers in North Carolina over 14 days

Cited by 55 publications

References 37 publications

Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans

Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans

Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surface waters near industrial hog operation spray fields

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

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