Persistence of Hepatitis B Virus Antigens in Dried Blood

Zachoval, R.; Frösner, G. G.; Deinhardt, F.; Hoss, Diane M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92649-0

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Epidemiological studies done after the development of specific serodiagnostic tests have shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) may be transmitted by routes other than classic percutanous exposures such as blood product transfusion or needlestick inoculation with contaminated material (11,12,18). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been detected on a wide variety of inanimate environmental surfaces (3,4,6,7,9,10,17,19,21,22,31), and investigators have hypothesized that HBV contamination of these surfaces explains instances of disease transmission in the absence of overt percutanous or mucous membrane exposures (4,11,12,18). This hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that HBV in human plasma survived and caused infection in a chimpanzee after being dried and then stored at 25°C and 42% relative humidity for at least 1 week (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of hepatitis B virus by intermediate-to-high-level disinfectant chemicals

Bond¹,

Favero²,

Petersen³

et al. 1983

J Clin Microbiol

164

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In five separate tests, hepatitis B virus in dried human plasma was exposed for 10 min at 20 degrees C to disinfectant chemicals having activity levels ranging from intermediate (e.g., 70% isopropyl alcohol) to high (e.g., 2% aqueous glutaraldehyde at pH 8.6). Five chimpanzees (one animal per disinfectant chemical) received treated material intravenously, and none showed signs of infection after post-inoculation periods of 9 months. Two animals were rechallenged with inoculum treated in the same manner, except that saline was used instead of a disinfectant chemical; both were infected within 4 weeks. Our results showed that hepatitis B virus was not as resistant to disinfectant chemicals as once thought and suggested that chemicals with similar activity levels (intermediate to high) might possibly be used on hepatitis B virus contamination with a margin of safety.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of hepatitis B virus by intermediate-to-high-level disinfectant chemicals

Bond¹,

Favero²,

Petersen³

et al. 1983

J Clin Microbiol

164

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“…Rotavirus has been isolated in day-care centres [3], the virus being found on surfaces during non-outbreak periods. In the clinical setting hepatitis B virus surface antigen has been found on surfaces within a dental surgery [15], and on forms in a clinical laboratory [16]. There are no reports of surveys which look for a wide range of viruses or body fluids which may contain viruses or viral proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of viruses and body fluids which may contain viruses in the domestic environment

et al. 1998

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The domestic environment was investigated for the presence of viruses and body fluids that may contain viruses. A range of surfaces in 39 homes (17 visited on 2 occasions) were sampled by swabbing and analysed using cell culture, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for enteroviral RNA, haemoglobin as a marker for blood, amylase as an indicator of urine, saliva and sweat, and protein as an indicator of general hygiene. Haemoglobin was found on 1.9% of surfaces sampled and of the positive samples 30% were from articles frequently handled. Amylase (> 5 U/l) was found in 29.3% of samples tested. Protein was found in 97.8% of samples tested. Enteroviral RNA, indicating the presence of virus, was detected in 3 out of 448 samples tested; they were from a tap handle, telephone handpiece and a toilet bowl. No viruses were isolated in cell culture, however significant problems were encountered with bacterial and fungal contamination. This work demonstrates that only testing environmental samples for bacteria and ATP may not give a total view of the microbiological problem in the home. A range of test methods is useful to gain a broad view of the problems of hygiene in the home and to allow comparative studies of specific areas such as the kitchen and bathroom.

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“…51 In addition, as the virus can survive for a relatively long time in the environment, it is important to disinfect the environment immediately after the consultation of patients with viral infections. 52,53 For environments contaminated with viruses, alcohol or sodium hypochlorite is used. Care must be taken because non-enveloped viruses are resistant to alcohol.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in environments with patients who have shed bacteria, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE), and Clostridioides ( Clostridium ) difficile , it is recommended that quaternary ammonium salts or alcohol were used to disinfect the surfaces that the patient with the infection could have possibly touched 51 . In addition, as the virus can survive for a relatively long time in the environment, it is important to disinfect the environment immediately after the consultation of patients with viral infections 52,53 . For environments contaminated with viruses, alcohol or sodium hypochlorite is used.…”

Section: Overview Of This Checklistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklist for infection control in the emergency department

Sasaki

Shiino

Kato

et al. 2020

Acute Medicine & Surgery

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The risk of encountering human-to-human infections, including emerging infectious diseases, should be adequately and appropriately addressed in the emergency department. However, guidelines based on sufficient evidence on infection control in the emergency department have not been developed anywhere in the world. Each facility examines and implements its own countermeasures. The Japanese Association for Acute Medicine has established the "Committee for Infection Control in the Emergency Department" in cooperation with the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control, Japanese Society for Emergency Medicine, and Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology. A joint working group has been established to consider appropriate measures. This group undertook a comprehensive and multifaceted review of infection control measures for emergency outpatients and related matters, and released a checklist for infection control in emergency departments. This checklist has been prepared such that even small emergency departments with few or no emergency physicians can control infection by following the checklist, without committing any major errors. The checklist includes a control system for infection control, education, screening, and vaccination, prompt response to suspected infections, and management of the risk of infection in facilities. In addition, the timing of the check and interval at which the check is carried out are specified as categories. We hope that this checklist will contribute to improving infection control in the emergency department.

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Persistence of Hepatitis B Virus Antigens in Dried Blood

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Inactivation of hepatitis B virus by intermediate-to-high-level disinfectant chemicals

Inactivation of hepatitis B virus by intermediate-to-high-level disinfectant chemicals

Detection of viruses and body fluids which may contain viruses in the domestic environment

Checklist for infection control in the emergency department

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