Persistence of full glacial conditions in the central Pacific until 15,000 years ago

Blard, Pierre‐Henri; Lavé, Jérôme; Pik, Raphaël; Wagnon, Patrick; Bourlès, Didier

doi:10.1038/nature06142

Cited by 67 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, while raised geothermal heat fluxes can therefore potentially complicate the climatic interpretation of glacier fluctuations over annual to decadal timescales (Rivera et al, 2012;Rivera and Bown, 2013), climate is the dominant driver of glacier mass balance and length changes on active volcanoes over centennial to millennial timescales (e.g. Kirkbride and Dugmore, 2001;Mackintosh et al, 2002;Blard et al, 2007;Licciardi et al, 2007;Osborn et al, 2012). We employ a nominal geothermal flux of 1 W m −2 ( ca.…”

Section: S R Eaves Et Al: the Last Glacial Maximum In The Central mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Last Glacial Maximum in the central North Island, New Zealand: palaeoclimate inferences from glacier modelling

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions provide data for evaluating the mechanisms of past, natural climate variability. Geometries of former mountain glaciers, constrained by moraine mapping, afford the opportunity to reconstruct palaeoclimate, due to the close relationship between ice extent and local climate. In this study, we present results from a series of experiments using a 2-D coupled energy balance-ice flow model that investigate the palaeoclimate significance of Last Glacial Maximum moraines within nine catchments in the central North Island, New Zealand. We find that the former ice limits can be simulated when present-day temperatures are reduced by between 4 and 7 • C, if precipitation remains unchanged from present. The spread in the results between the nine catchments is likely to represent the combination of chronological and model uncertainties. The majority of catchments targeted require temperature decreases of 5.1 to 6.3 • C to simulate the former glaciers, which represents our best estimate of the temperature anomaly in the central North Island, New Zealand, during the Last Glacial Maximum. A decrease in precipitation of up to 25 % from present, as suggested by proxy evidence and climate models, increases the magnitude of the required temperature changes by up to 0.8 • C. Glacier model experiments using reconstructed topographies that exclude the volume of post-glacial (< 15 ka) volcanism generally increased the magnitude of cooling required to simulate the former ice limits by up to 0.5 • C. Our palaeotemperature estimates expand the spatial coverage of proxy-based quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in New Zealand. Our results are also consistent with independent, proximal temperature reconstructions from fossil groundwater and pollen assemblages, as well as similar glacier modelling reconstructions from the central Southern Alps, which suggest air temperatures were ca. 6 • C lower than present across New Zealand during the Last Glacial Maximum.

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Section: S R Eaves Et Al: the Last Glacial Maximum In The Central mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Last Glacial Maximum in the central North Island, New Zealand: palaeoclimate inferences from glacier modelling

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, the d/g and d/h patterns resemble one another, having a cross-correlation of 0.7 when sampled at the sites of each of the 5352 eruptions in our database. One major difference between the d/g and d/h volcanic frequency ratios is that only d/h registers increased values in Northern New Zealand and Hawaii, both of whose volcanoes experienced deglaciation (Alloway et al, 2007;Blard et al, 2007).…”

Section: Mapping Of Volcanic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the volcanic regions in Alaska (Yu et al, 2008) and Iceland (Maclennan et al, 2002;Licciardi et al, 2007) experienced the most pronounced deglaciation near 12 ka. Mauna Kea in Hawaii experienced deglaciation after 15 ka (Blard et al 2007). South American deglaciation is less well constrained but appears to have proceeded in a series of steps between 17 and 11 ka (McCulloch et al, 2000).…”

Section: A Quantitative Estimate Of Global Rates Of Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback between deglaciation, volcanism, and atmospheric CO2

Huybers

Langmuir

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

278

267

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“…The Makanaka glaciations were complex, with alternating advances and retreats of the glacier front that probably began during marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and continued well into MIS 2 (Wolfe et al, 1997;Porter, 2001;Blard et al, 2007). It is not clear if these advances represented different glaciations that were separated by ice-free conditions at the summit or were simply multiple advances of the same body of ice.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ages and inferred causes of Late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i

Pigati

Zréda

Zweck

et al. 2008

J Quaternary Science

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Glacial landforms on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i, show that the summit area of the volcano was covered intermittently by ice caps during the Late Pleistocene. Cosmogenic 36 Cl dating of terminal moraines and other glacial landforms indicates that the last two ice caps, called Older Makanaka and Younger Makanaka, retreated from their maximum positions approximately 23 ka and 13 ka, respectively. The margins and equilibrium line altitudes of these ice caps on the remote, tropical Pacific island were nearly identical, which would seem to imply the same mechanism for ice growth. But modelling of glacier mass balance, combined with palaeotemperature proxy data from the subtropical North Pacific, suggests that the causes of the two glacial expansions may have been different. Older Makanaka air atop Mauna Kea was likely wetter than today and cold, whereas Younger Makanaka times were slightly warmer but significantly wetter than the previous glaciation. The modelled increase in precipitation rates atop Mauna Kea during the Late Pleistocene is consistent with that near sea level inferred from pollen data, which suggests that the additional precipitation was due to more frequent and/or intense tropical storms associated with eastward-moving cold fronts. These conditions were similar to modern La Niñ a (weak ENSO) conditions, but persisted for millennia rather than years. Increased precipitation rates and the resulting steeper temperature lapse rates created glacial conditions atop Mauna Kea in the absence of sufficient cooling at sea level, suggesting that if similar correlations existed elsewhere in the tropics, the precipitation-dependent lapse rates could reconcile the apparent difference between glacial-time cooling of the tropics at low and high altitudes.

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Persistence of full glacial conditions in the central Pacific until 15,000 years ago

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 67 publications

References 40 publications

The Last Glacial Maximum in the central North Island, New Zealand: palaeoclimate inferences from glacier modelling

The Last Glacial Maximum in the central North Island, New Zealand: palaeoclimate inferences from glacier modelling

Feedback between deglaciation, volcanism, and atmospheric CO2

Ages and inferred causes of Late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i

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