Persistence of Escherichia coli in freshwater periphyton: biofilm-forming capacity as a selective advantage

Moreira, Stefan; Brown, Alastair; Ha, Reuben; Iserhoff, Kaylie; Yim, Mi-Sung; Yang, Jeremy; Liao, Baoqiang; Pszczolko, Elizabeth; Qin, Wensheng; Leung, Ka Yin

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01244.x

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Recent evidence shows that enteric bacteria can survive and grow in aquatic environments by biofilm formation (Soreira et al, 2012) and also in soil (Byappanahalli et al, 2012). The bacteria conveying the sul genes with class 1 and 2 integrons predominantly originate from the discharge of wastewater (Su et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who possesses drug resistance genes in the aquatic environment?: sulfamethoxazole (SMX) resistance genes among the bacterial community in water environment of Metro-Manila, Philippines

Suzuki¹,

Ogo²,

Miller³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

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Recent evidence has shown that antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in natural environments, including sites considered pristine. To understand the origin of ARGs and their dynamics, we must first define their actual presence in the natural bacterial assemblage. Here we found varying distribution profiles of sul genes in “colony forming bacterial assemblages” and “natural bacterial assemblages.” Our monitoring for antibiotic contamination revealed that sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a major contaminant in aquatic environments of Metro-Manila, which would have been derived from human and animal use, and subsequently decreased through the process of outflow from source to the sea. The SMX-resistant bacterial rate evaluated by the colony forming unit showed 10 to 86% of the total colony numbers showed higher rates from freshwater sites compared to marine sites. When sul genes were quantified by qPCR, colony-forming bacteria conveyed sul1 and sul2 genes in freshwater and seawater (10−5–10−2 copy/16S) but not sul3. Among the natural bacterial assemblage, all sul1, sul2, and sul3 were detected (10−5–10−3 copy/16S), whereas all sul genes were at an almost non-detectable level in the freshwater assemblage. This study suggests that sul1 and sul2 are main sul genes in culturable bacteria, whereas sul3 is conveyed by non-culturable bacteria in the sea. As a result marine bacteria possess sul1, sul2 and sul3 genes in the marine environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who possesses drug resistance genes in the aquatic environment?: sulfamethoxazole (SMX) resistance genes among the bacterial community in water environment of Metro-Manila, Philippines

Suzuki¹,

Ogo²,

Miller³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Increased oxygenation has been shown in the literature to be associated with increased die-off, and high turbidity is also well known to be associated with high E. coli levels [ 15 , 28 , 29 ]. It is also possible that E. coli in the shore is associated with biofilms in sand particles, whereas there are less resilient, planktonic cells in the middle of the stream [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of Escherichia coli in Rivers of Northern Coastal Ecuador

Rao

Eisenberg

Kleinbaum

et al. 2015

Water

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The use of contaminated surface water continues to be a pressing issue in areas of the world where people lack improved drinking water sources. In northern coastal Ecuador, many communities rely on untreated surface water as their primary source of drinking water. We undertook a study to explore how microscale river hydrodynamics affect microbial water quality at community water collection locations at three rivers with varying stream velocity and turbidity profiles. To examine how the distance from river shore and physiochemical water quality variables affect microbial contamination levels in the rivers; we collected a total of 355 water samples within six villages on three rivers; and tested for Escherichia coli concentrations using the IDEXX Quanti-tray method. We found that log10 E. coli concentrations decreased with increasing distance from shore (β = −0.017; p = 0.003). Water in the main channel had E. coli concentrations on average 0.12 log10 lower than within eddies along the river shore and 0.27 log10 lower between the sample closest to shore and any sample >6 m from the shore. Higher E. coli concentrations were also significantly associated with increased turbidity (β = 0.003; p < 0.0001) and decreased dissolved oxygen levels (β = −0.310; p < 0.0001). The results of this study can help inform community members about the safest locations to collect drinking water and also provide information on watershed scale transport of microbial contaminants between villages.

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“…Similarly to our findings, Moreira et al . 61 reported superior ability to form biofilm by E. coli isolated from freshwater periphyton in comparison with human strains, suggesting that the biofilm lifestyle increased persistence in the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the association of Escherichia coli with diverse macroalgae in the lagoon of Venice

Quero

Fasolato

Vignaroli

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Recent studies provided evidence that the macroalga Cladopohora in lakes hosts associated Escherichia coli, with consequences on the environmental and human health. We expanded these investigations to other macroalgae (Ulva spp., Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida) widespread in the lagoon of Venice (Italy). Attached E. coli were abundant, accounting up to 3,250 CFU gram−1 of alga. Macroalgal-associated isolates belonged to all E. coli phylogroups, including pathogenic ones, and to Escherichia cryptic clades. Attached E. coli showed potential to grow even at in situ temperature on macroalgal extracts as only source of carbon and nutrients, and ability to produce biofilm in vitro. The genotypic diversity of the attached isolates was high, with significant differences between algae and the overlying water. Our evidences suggest that attached populations consist of both resident and transient strains, likely resulting from the heterogeneous input of fecal bacteria from the city. We report that cosmopolitan and invasive macroalgae may serve as source of E. coli, including pathogenic genotypes, and that this habitat can potentially support their growth. Considering the global diffusion of the macroalgae here studied, this phenomenon is likely occurring in other coastal cities worldwide and deserves further investigations from either the sanitary and ecological perspectives.

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Persistence of Escherichia coli in freshwater periphyton: biofilm-forming capacity as a selective advantage

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Who possesses drug resistance genes in the aquatic environment?: sulfamethoxazole (SMX) resistance genes among the bacterial community in water environment of Metro-Manila, Philippines

Who possesses drug resistance genes in the aquatic environment?: sulfamethoxazole (SMX) resistance genes among the bacterial community in water environment of Metro-Manila, Philippines

Spatial Variability of Escherichia coli in Rivers of Northern Coastal Ecuador

Understanding the association of Escherichia coli with diverse macroalgae in the lagoon of Venice

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