Persistence of endosulfan in soils

Rao, D. Mohana Ranga; Murty, A. S.

doi:10.1021/jf60232a012

Cited by 71 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similar observations that b isomer was found to persist more than the a isomer were reported by Rao and Murty (1980); Kwon et al (2002). However in broth culture, the bacterial strain degraded more b endosulfan as compared to a endosulfan (Siddique et al 2003b;Kumar et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Biodegradation of α and β endosulfan in broth medium and soil microcosm by bacterial strain Bordetella sp. B9

Goswami

Singh

2008

Biodegradation

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Bacterial strains were isolated from endosulfan treated soil to study the microbial degradation of this pesticide in broth medium and soil microcosm. The isolates were grown in minimal medium and screened for endosulfan degradation. The strain, which utilized endosulfan and showed maximum growth, was selected for detail studies. Maximum degrading capability in shake flask culture was shown by Bordetella sp. B9 which degraded 80% of alpha endosulfan and 86% of beta endosulfan in 18 days. Soil microcosm study was also carried out using this strain in six different treatments. Endosulfan ether and endosulfan lactone were the main metabolites in broth culture, while in soil microcosm endosulfan sulfate was also found along with endosulfan ether and endosulfan lactone. This bacterial strain has a potential to be used for bioremediation of the contaminated sites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Biodegradation of α and β endosulfan in broth medium and soil microcosm by bacterial strain Bordetella sp. B9

Goswami

Singh

2008

Biodegradation

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“…In the close vicinities of agricultural fields, the contamination of atmosphere, soils, sediments, surface and rain waters, and foodstuffs by endosulfan has been documented in numerous previous studies (United States Department of Health and Human Services 1990). The persistence of endosulfan in soil and water environments has been observed by different researchers under different conditions (Rao and Murty 1980;Guerin and Kennedy 1992). Its harmful impacts on aquatic fauna (Sunderam et al 1992) and numerous mammalian species including human beings have been reported several times in literature (Paul and Balasubramaniam 1997;Sinha et al 1997;Chaudhuri et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biodegradation of α- and β-endosulfan by soil bacteria

et al. 2007

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Extensive applications of persistent organochlorine pesticides like endosulfan on cotton have led to the contamination of soil and water environments at several sites in Pakistan. Microbial degradation offers an effective approach to remove such toxicants from the environment. This study reports the isolation of highly efficient endosulfan degrading bacterial strains from soil. A total of 29 bacterial strains were isolated through enrichment technique from 15 specific sites using endosulfan as sole sulfur source. The strains differed substantially in their potential to degrade endosulfan in vitro ranging from 40 to 93% of the spiked amount (100 mg l(-1)). During the initial 3 days of incubation, there was very little degradation but it got accelerated as the incubation period proceeded. Biodegradation of endosulfan by these bacteria also resulted in substantial decrease in pH of the broth from 8.2 to 3.7 within 14 days of incubation. The utilization of endosulfan was accompanied by increased optical densities (OD(595)) of the broth ranging from 0.511 to 0.890. High performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed that endosulfan diol and endosulfan ether were among the products of endosulfan metabolism by these bacterial strains while endosulfan sulfate, a persistent and toxic metabolite of endosulfan, was not detected in any case. The presence of endosulfan diol and endosulfan ether in the bacterial metabolites was further confirmed by GC-MS. Abiotic degradation contributed up to 21% of the spiked amount. The three bacterial strains, Pseudomonas spinosa, P. aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia, were the most efficient degraders of both alpha- and beta-endosulfan as they consumed more than 90% of the spiked amount (100 mg l(-1)) in the broth within 14 days of incubation. Maximum biodegradation by these three selected efficient bacterial strains was observed at an initial pH of 8.0 and at an incubation temperature of 30 degrees C. The results of this study may imply that these bacterial strains could be employed for bioremediation of endosulfan polluted soil and water environments.

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“…An essential initial step in the investigation of an enzymatic method for endosulfan detoxification is the definitive identification of a biological source of endosulfandegrading activity. Numerous studies have described the degradation of endosulfan in soils (14,26), soil inocula (11,21,27), mixed microbial cultures (1), and isolated microorganisms (9,13,17,20,22). The compound is degraded by attack at the sulfite group via both oxidation and hydrolysis to form the toxic endosulfate (endosulfan sulfate) and the nontoxic endodiol (endosulfan diol), respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enrichment of an Endosulfan-Degrading Mixed Bacterial Culture

Sutherland

Horne

Lacey

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

155

158

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An endosulfan-degrading mixed bacterial culture was enriched from soil with a history of endosulfan exposure. Enrichment was obtained by using the insecticide as the sole source of sulfur. Chemical hydrolysis was minimized by using strongly buffered culture medium (pH 6.6), and the detergent Tween 80 was included to emulsify the insecticide, thereby increasing the amount of endosulfan in contact with the bacteria. No growth occurred in control cultures in the absence of endosulfan. Degradation of the insecticide occurred concomitant with bacterial growth. The compound was both oxidized and hydrolyzed. The oxidation reaction favored the alpha isomer and produced endosulfate, a terminal pathway product. Hydrolysis involved a novel intermediate, tentatively identified as endosulfan monoaldehyde on the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical derivatization results. The accumulation and decline of metabolites suggest that the parent compound was hydrolyzed to the putative monoaldehyde, thereby releasing the sulfite moiety required for growth. The monoaldehyde was then oxidized to endosulfan hydroxyether and further metabolized to (a) polar product(s). The cytochrome P450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, did not prevent endosulfan oxidation or the formation of other metabolites. These results suggest that this mixed culture is worth investigating as a source of endosulfan-hydrolyzing enzymes for use in enzymatic bioremediation of endosulfan residues.

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Persistence of endosulfan in soils

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Biodegradation of α and β endosulfan in broth medium and soil microcosm by bacterial strain Bordetella sp. B9

Biodegradation of α and β endosulfan in broth medium and soil microcosm by bacterial strain Bordetella sp. B9

Biodegradation of α- and β-endosulfan by soil bacteria

Enrichment of an Endosulfan-Degrading Mixed Bacterial Culture

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