Persistence of Borna Disease Virus in Naturally Infected Sheep

Vahlenkamp, Thomas W.; Konrath, Andréa Cristina; Weber, Matthias M.; Müller, Hermann

doi:10.1128/jvi.76.19.9735-9743.2002

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…However, BDV infections are rare among wild rodents based on antibody screening. Several researchers have searched in vain for markers of BDV infection from small rodent numbers (Hagiwara et al, 2001;Hilbe et al, 2006;Puorger et al, 2010;Mizutani et al, 1999;Vahlenkamp et al, 2002), but a larger study has revealed confirmed seropositive wild rodents (Kinnunen et al, 2007;Kinnunen, 2011). This finding, combined with the epidemiological evidence, emphasizes the need for a future study using RT-PCR and immunohistology to identify wild, natural BDV carriers.…”

Section: Phylogeny and Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persistent subclinical infections, resulting either from a very long incubation period or the low-pathogenic character of the BDV infection, or both, are common. Indeed, during a follow-up of 1-2 years in naturally infected animals, only a proportion of the antibody-positive individuals (20 % of horses, ¡40 % of sheep) developed symptoms (Herzog et al, 1994;Vahlenkamp et al, 2002 In naturally infected, diseased animals, BDV infection manifests as a peracute, acute or subacute disease with non-purulent meningoencephalitis, although milder manifestations are also seen (Table 1). Different combinations of simultaneous or successive neurobehavioural alterations are noticed (Metzler et al, 1976;Grabner & Fischer, 1991;Bilzer et al, 1996; reviewed by Richt et al, 2000;Ikuta et al, 2002).…”

Section: Infection and Disease Of Production And Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections

Kinnunen

Palva

Vaheri

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Borna disease virus (BDV) has gained lot of interest because of its zoonotic potential, ability to introduce cDNA of its RNA transcripts into host genomes, and ability to cause severe neurobehavioural diseases. Classical Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, known in central Europe for centuries. According to current knowledge, BDV or a close relative also infects several other species, including humans at least occasionally, in central Europe and elsewhere, but the existence of potential ‘human Borna disease’ with its suspected neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly controversial. The recent detection of endogenized BDV-like genes in primate and various other vertebrate genomes confirms that at least ancient bornaviruses did infect our ancestors. The epidemiology of BDV is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence indicates vectors and reservoirs among small wild mammals. The aim of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on epidemiology of BDV infections. Specifically, geographical and host distribution are addressed and assessed in the critical light of the detection methods used. We also review some salient clinical aspects.

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Section: Phylogeny and Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infection and Disease Of Production And Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections

Kinnunen

Palva

Vaheri

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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“…Various combinations of neurological symptoms are seen, including alterations in behaviour (Rott and Becht, 1995). Mild or asymptomatic infections are also common (Kao et al, 1993;Berg et al, 1999;Vahlenkamp et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Serological evidence for Borna disease virus infection in humans, wild rodents and other vertebrates in Finland

Kinnunen

Billich

Ek-Kommonen

et al. 2007

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…In addition, RT-PCR-positive secretions from nose, conjunctiva, and saliva were found. 29 These findings provide evidence of subclinical infection, explain the increase in seroprevalence on affected premises, and make direct horse-to-horse transmission at least a possibility. Horses with clinical disease should therefore be quarantined from other horses or sheep, and isolation precautions should be instituted.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 91%