Persistence and Utilization of Maternal Iron for Blood Formation During Infancy 12

Smith, Clement A.; Cherry, Ruth B.; Maletskos, C.J.; Gibson, John G.; Roby, Charles C.; Caton, William L.; Reid, Duncan E.

doi:10.1172/jci103188

Cited by 37 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This iron is transferred to the fetus via the placenta at the expense of maternal iron stores, mostly during the third trimester of pregnancy [3]. The newborn infant is fed an iron-deficient milk diet and acquires little iron during the first few months of life unless the diet is supplemented [4]. The absorption of iron from cow's milk is less than from human milk because the higher calcium concentration inhibits iron absorption [5] .…”

Section: Iron Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting iron balance

Conrad

Barton

1981

American J Hematol

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The availability of radioisotopes of iron led to the performance of physiologic studies of the absorption, excretion, and kinetics of iron. The effects of dietary constituents and intestinal secretions upon iron absorption have been thoroughly explored and have permitted the development of tools for nutritional studies in various geographic areas of the world. The basic mechanisms for regulation of iron absorption are not fully understood. However, the isolation and characterization of newer iron-binding proteins, the existence of mucosal receptors in which there is competition for iron-binding sites with other metals, and the identification of a number of animal models with genetic abnormalities of iron absorption provide promise for development in the foreseeable future. The means by which the body informs the intestine to increase or decrease iron absorption is poorly understood, and the abnormality in hemochromatosis and iron overloading disorders remains unexplained. Much has been learned in recent years regarding the structure of iron-containing proteins and the variations that exist in different species. Similar problems remain to be solved with regard to the intermediary metabolism of iron in red blood cell precursors and other cells in the body. It is postulated that the combined usage of physiologic, biochemical, and immunologic investigations will provide the basic information required.

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Section: Iron Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting iron balance

Conrad

Barton

1981

American J Hematol

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“…Smith et nl. [16], who injected red cells labelled with FeSs into pregnant women and followed the specific activity of the iron in the red cells of the offspring of these women up to S& gears after birth, found that "at 3 years, over 90'',; of transplacental iron was still utilized for haemoglobin". This figure, which was arrived at by comparing the total activity in the circulation at birth wvit,h the t,otal activity in the circulation at the age of 3 years, has been used by Betke 111 to estimate roughly the daily loss of iron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Erythro‐Kinetics in Infancy:The Long‐Term Behaviour of Radioiron in Circulating Foetal and Adult Haemoglobin, and its Faecal Excretion1

1964

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Previous studies on the relative rate of synthesis of haemoglobin F and A in infants by Garby, Sjolin & Vuille [7] have shown that intravenously injected radioiron is incorporated into both haenioglobin A and haemoglobin F during the first months of life. Five of the infants studied were followed up for periods ranging from 58 to 123 days after injection of the isotope. The age a t injection was between 5 and 25 days. I n all five cases the total amount of radioactivity present in the circulating total haemoglobin (haemoglobin A and F) was recorded a t time intervals of about one week. I n three of the infants the excretion of radioiron in the faeces was also measured. The present paper comprises a description of the behaviour of radioactive iron in such longterm studies. The results have bearing on several aspects of ferro-erythro-kinetics in infancy, and extend and corroborate earlier findings by us [S] concerning the short-term behaviour of radioiron in this This investigation was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council and by grants (Research Project 154/RB) from the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.3 -642879 Aeta Prediatrica Val. 53 age group. Furt'hermore, a new approach is presented for calculating the daily excretion of iron in young infants. MaterialThe clinical data concernipg the five patients Li, B1, Sj, Lo, and Ja have been presented in a previous paper [7]. All were considered t o be haematologically normal (infant Lo had a rather low haemoglobin concentration during the latter part of the study, and will be disciissetl in greater detail). Two of the infant>s, B1 and Ja, suffered from myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus, but t'hey had no further complications during the period of investigation. All infants were fed with breast milk during the first 2 to 4 weeks of life; t.hey were subsequently given different cow-milk mixtures providing a daily intake of iron of 1-2 mg/kg body weight. MethodsThe methods used t o measure the amount of radioactivity present in total haemoglobin, haemoglobin A and F have been reported [6. 7, 81. In calculating the blood volume, a correction factor was introduced in order t o compensate for the frequent blood sampling. This factor amounted to 5-10% of the total blood volume at the end

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“…The major uptake of iron by the human fetus occurs during the latter part of preg nancy (32,94). At birth, stores of iron in the liver are considerable (101) but, as in the case of the rat, become depleted during the first year of life (101) so that anemia is common from 3 months of age onwards (7,113). Indeed accumulation of iron prenatally by the human infant accounts for 70 % of the iron in hemo globin at 1 year of age and for 40 % at 2 years (113).…”

Section: Comparison Of Iron Metabolism During Development Of Rat Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and Copper Metabolism during Development

Linder

Munro²

1973

Enzyme Protein

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Towards the end of pregnancy, iron and copper are extensively transferred to the fetus, much being retained in the liver by specific fetal proteins (fetal ferritin, mitochondrocuprein). These stores are used up during suckling because milk is deficient m iron and copper. After weaning, dietary iron is deposited in liver as adult type ferritin, which can also be induced prematurely by iron administration. During suckling, the high rate of iron absorption observed in neonatal rats undergoes adaptive reduction to the low adult rate. In this period also, the capacity to transfer stored liver copper to the copper-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, emerges. Thus, perinatal iron and copper metabolism involve substitution of adult for fetal mechanisms analogous to changes occurring in other metabolic systems at this time.

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Persistence and Utilization of Maternal Iron for Blood Formation During Infancy 12

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Factors affecting iron balance

Factors affecting iron balance

Studies on Erythro‐Kinetics in Infancy:The Long‐Term Behaviour of Radioiron in Circulating Foetal and Adult Haemoglobin, and its Faecal Excretion1

Iron and Copper Metabolism during Development

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