Persistence and leaching of β‐cyfluthrin in alluvial soil of India

Abstract

Persistence as affected by rate of application and moisture regimes and leaching of beta-cyfluthrin was studied in alluvial soil under laboratory conditions. The effects of rate of application and moisture regimes on persistence were studied by incubating fortified soil at 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg kg(-1) under air-dry, field capacity and submerged moisture regimes. The initial deposits of 0.09, 1.11 and 10.1 mg kg(-1) dissipated with time and 78.4-100% loss was recorded at 90 days. The half-life values varied from 7.8 to 41.8 days. The rate of dissipation decreased as the rate of application increased under field capacity and submerged conditions. However, under air-dry conditions, the effect was less pronounced, and half-life values showed a reverse trend. Persistence of beta-cyfluthrin under different moisture regimes followed the trend: air-dry > field capacity > submerged. The trend could be attributed to the effect of moisture on number and type of microbes. Leaching was studied in a packed soil column under saturated flow conditions. beta-Cyfluthrin was found to be highly immobile in alluvial soil. No residues were detected in any leachate fraction under the experimental conditions. In column soil, residues were detected at 0-10 cm depth and the major amount (>99%) was recovered from 0-5 cm depth. Although beta-cyfluthrin showed moderate persistence in alluvial soil, the possibility of its leaching to ground water is negligible as a result of its immobility.

Persistence of Acetamiprid in Soil

“…Miles et al (1984) have also attributed the slower dissipation of chlorfenvinphos in dry soil as compared to moist soil, to lower microbial activity. Similar results have also been reported for 2,4-D (Johnson et al, 1995), imazaquin (Baughman and Shaw, 1996), chlorothalonil (Choudhury and Awasthi, 2000) and b-cyfluthrin (Gupta and Gajbhiye, 2002). However, such dry conditions are not likely to occur in fields under cropped conditions.…”

Pyrethroid-Degrading Microorganisms and Their Potential for the Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils: A Review

“…During these processes, pyrethroids are transformed into a degradation product or completely mineralized. However, the structure of a pyrethroid molecule determines its inherent biodegradation (Gupta and Gajbhiye, 2002 ; Gu et al, 2008 ; Muñoz-Leoz et al, 2009 ; Yuanfan et al, 2010 ; Fenlon et al, 2011 ; Ismail et al, 2012 ; Zhao et al, 2013 ; Xu et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ). In the environmental degradation of pyrethroids ester cleavage is a major process that results most often in the production of cyclopropane acid, 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (3-PBA) or 3-phenoxybenzoic acid.…”

Role of enhanced solar radiation for degradation of triazophos pesticide in soil matrix

“…In very wet soils, the rate of diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the soil is limited and anaerobic pesticide transformation can prevail over aerobic degradation (Shahgholi and Ahangar, 2014). It has been reported that metaflumizone, b-cyflumin and clorhalonil degraded more rapidly in submerged conditions than in dry soil (Chatterjee et al, 2013;Gupta and Gajbhiye, 2002;Choudhury and Awasthi, 2000).…”