Persevering with bandwagoning, not hedging: why European security cooperation still conforms to realism

Cladi, Lorenzo

doi:10.1080/14702436.2022.2110476

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As the definition itself was primarily about external threats, the initial deduction was that it was a response to the aforementioned crises. Likewise, much of the available literature presented rationalist explanations attributing this renewed activism to external actors and conditions, considering this ambition as either an act of strategic hedging (Fiott 2018;Ringsmose & Webber 2020;Didier 2021) or bandwagoning (Cladi 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Half-Hearted or Pragmatic? Explaining EU Strategic Autonomy and the European Defence Fund through Institutional Dynamics

Kilic

2024

CEJISS

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In 2016, the EU Global Strategy introduced the ambition of strategic autonomy, referring to the ability to protect the Union against external threats autonomously. To realise this ambition, the EU also launched various capability development initiatives, in particular, the European Defence Fund (EDF). Much of the available literature presents rationalist explanations of the EU’s development of strategic autonomy and the EDF. These studies attribute strategic autonomy ambition to external conditions and consider it as an act of strategic hedging or bandwagoning. However, the subsequent limited progress in actual capability development casts doubt on these explanations. By drawing on historical institutionalism, this study examines the EU’s current approach to strategic autonomy to see whether internal factors would offer an alternative explanation to the disjunction between the ambitions and actions. For this aim, the study scrutinises the evolution of the EDF as an instrument and the role of the Commission as an agent of change. Based on primary and secondary data, the analysis shows that even though external crises have created critical junctures that compel the EU to reorient its goals, the endogenous elements of institutional change have significantly influenced the EU’s choice of means and redistribution of resources. The findings reveal that the Commission’s ability to reinterpret the original rules and exploit gaps and ambiguities in their local enactment in a path-dependent manner has considerably affected the outcome of this change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structure Cooperation (PESCO) -do not promise the fulfilment of this strategic ambition (Giegerich 2016;Duke 2019;Cladi 2022). This 'halfhearted approach' to strategic autonomy is seen as the biggest weakness of the EUGS (Techau 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Half-Hearted or Pragmatic? Explaining EU Strategic Autonomy and the European Defence Fund through Institutional Dynamics

Kilic

2024

CEJISS

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“…In relation to recent developments and the EU's capacity to react see, for example,Cladi (2022).329 25 out of 27 EU Member States participate in PESCO. Denmark and Malta have opted out, although Denmark abolished the EU defence opt-out in its June 2022 referendum.330 Short-term gaps include replenishing stockpiles used to support Ukraine, replacing Soviet-era equipment and reinforcing air and missile defence systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contribución de la UE a la reglobalización: de la búsqueda de la autonomía a la estrategia de seguridad económica

Burguete

2023

NotesInt

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La propuesta de una «Estrategia Europea de Seguridad Económica» supera el marco general de las dependencias estratégicas de la Unión Europea (UE) para centrarse en la competición con China. Este nuevo marco de competición, más cercano al posicionamiento de Estados Unidos, puede fácilmente conducir al proteccionismo, el desacople económico y la desglobalización, un escenario contrario a los intereses de la UE, tanto por su impacto económico en términos de crecimiento e inflación, como por sus consecuencias para la gobernanza global. Aunque la UE debe tener herramientas para adaptarse al nuevo entorno internacional, la mejor manera de mejorar su autonomía y seguridad económica es a través de la profundización de su integración, el impulso de su competitividad y la diversificación de su comercio. La Declaración de Granada del Consejo Europeo del 6 de octubre de 2023 es un paso para redefinir de manera positiva los cambios en las reglas de la globalización.

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The Post-brexit European Union and Multilateralism: Evolution and Challenges in the European Perception of Power

Deschaux-Dutard

2023

The Sciences Po Series in International Relations and Political Economy

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Persevering with bandwagoning, not hedging: why European security cooperation still conforms to realism

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Half-Hearted or Pragmatic? Explaining EU Strategic Autonomy and the European Defence Fund through Institutional Dynamics

Half-Hearted or Pragmatic? Explaining EU Strategic Autonomy and the European Defence Fund through Institutional Dynamics

Contribución de la UE a la reglobalización: de la búsqueda de la autonomía a la estrategia de seguridad económica

The Post-brexit European Union and Multilateralism: Evolution and Challenges in the European Perception of Power

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